tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2167715083001497602024-02-06T21:25:09.124-08:00RAHULRAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.comBlogger28125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-66980706131323354042011-12-14T21:20:00.000-08:002011-12-14T21:20:55.225-08:00Animationxpress.com Editorial Nina Elavia Jaipuria speaks ‘SONIC‘ Programming & Strategy<a href="http://www.animationxpress.com/index.php?file=story&id=41911#.TumDm-Biajw.blogger">Animationxpress.com Editorial Nina Elavia Jaipuria speaks ‘SONIC‘ Programming & Strategy</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-7210888441599450502011-04-03T22:59:00.000-07:002011-04-03T22:59:09.545-07:00500-MW Jhajjar project takes off<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="mod-timesofindiaarticleheader mod-articleheader" id="mod-article-header" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><h1 class="multi-line-title-1" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #393939; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 25px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #404040; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">500MW thermal power project at Jhajjar, that would supply power to Haryana and <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Delhi" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #336797; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Delhi</a>, have started. The 500MW unit is part of the 1,500MW-capacity <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Indira-Gandhi" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #336797; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Indira Gandhi</a> Super Thermal Power Project coming up at Jhajjar in Haryana. the power project is building in Jhali which comes under jhajjar district.</span></h1></div><div id="area-article-first-block" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" id="mod-a-body-first-para" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 4px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">It is being set up by Aravali Power Company Private Ltd (APCPL), a joint venture between NTPC, Indraprastha Power Generation Company Ltd and Haryana Power Generation Company Ltd. "Power from the Jhajjar project will be supplied in equal measure to Haryana and Delhi. It was one of the projects targeted to power the CWG last year," a statement said.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">More updates coming soon.</div></div></div></div>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-80666693481604281122011-03-27T17:05:00.000-07:002011-03-27T17:30:18.174-07:00Radio and television bulletins<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>The principles of bulletin preparation</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Radio bulletins are usually made up from three types of material:</div><ul style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"><li>written stories in the form of a <strong>script</strong>;</li>
<li>voice reports from journalists, either recorded or live;</li>
<li>recorded sound called <strong>actuality</strong>. This is usually the sound of someone speaking, perhaps taken from an interview or a speech. A short segment of actuality is called a <strong>grab</strong>. Grabs are used in a similar way to quotes in a newspaper story. In some countries, grabs are called <strong>cuts</strong> or <strong>inserts</strong>.</li>
</ul><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Preparing a bulletin should not be difficult if you remember the basic principles of news reporting. Remind yourself of the criteria for what is news: Is it <strong>new, unusual, interesting, significant</strong> and <strong>about people</strong>?</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Each of these criteria will help you to decide what stories you should include in your bulletin and where you should place them within your five, 10 or 15 minutes. It is usual to give the most important story first and the least important story last. If you are putting together your first bulletin, stick to this technique.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">However, once you feel confident that you can put together a simple bulletin, you can start to consider some extra factors which will change it from a list of stories to a proper bulletin.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The two main factors you have to consider are the overall order or <strong>balance</strong> of the bulletin and the <strong>pace</strong> of it.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Balance</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Try to avoid seeing the bulletin simply as a collection of individual, self-contained stories. If you put a string of economic stories (however important) at the start of the bulletin, you risk losing your listeners' interest.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">They expect a balance of items, some heavy and some light, some about major political events and some about ordinary people. Of course, the actual mix of stories, their tone and pace of delivery will depend to a degree on the <strong>format</strong> of your station; serious national broadcasters tend to use more serious stories, delivered in a more deliberate style whereas youth-oriented music station bulletins might be lighter and brighter with more stories about popular culture.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Whatever your station format, your ranking of stories in order in the bulletin will give your listeners some indication of how important you consider each story. But there is some freedom within bulletins to re-order stories to add variety and balance to the bulletin as a whole.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Pace</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">You must also get the right pace of stories through your bulletin. By pace we mean the length and tone of a story as it appears to the listeners.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Some stories have a fast pace. The report of a fire, for example, will usually be written in short sentences, using short snappy words to convey simple ideas. It will have a fast pace.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">By comparison, a story explaining some involved political controversy may need slightly longer sentences with words expressing more complicated ideas. The story itself may need to be slightly longer. The whole effect is one of a slower pace.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Too many long complicated stories will slow the pace of the whole bulletin and allow the attention of your listeners to wander. Too many short, sharp stories may leave listeners confused, unable to keep up with the pace of changing stories.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Your ideal bulletin will have a steady pace throughout to maintain interest, with variations in pace during certain sections; slower at times to let your listeners catch their breath or faster at other times to pick up their lagging interest.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">How do you achieve balance and pace in practice? You should rank your stories in order of importance then look at the order afresh, to see that you have a good balance of items and variations in pace.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">You may decide that your most important three stories are all rather serious political stories about taxation, health insurance and an internal party squabble. Ask yourself: "What will my listeners think of three minutes of this at the start of the bulletin?" If you think they will be bored, what about putting the report of a street fight up to the third place in the bulletin, to inject some pace into that section? This may force your party argument story into fourth place, but you will now be giving it new life by changing pace after the street fight story.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Structuring the bulletin</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Now you understand the basic principles behind building a news bulletin, you can start thinking about how the stories and components such as headlines and actuality can fit. Bulletins are the broadcasting equivalent of a page on a newspaper, except that in radio and television you are more limited in where you place the different parts because, as we know, news bulletins are linear, therefore all the elements must be placed along the line of time so they are used most effectively.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Starting the bulletin</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The start is the most important part of any radio bulletin. It determines whether or not your listeners will stay tuned. Just as the intro is the most important part of a news story, the lead item is the most important one in the bulletin. If your listeners find this boring, they will assume that there is nothing better to come and go out to dig the garden.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">If you are faced with a choice between two stories of equal strength for your bulletin lead, choose the story which is more dramatic. If your obvious lead story is rather dull, you should write it in such a way as to add life. Keep the sentences short, the ideas clear and simple. Although you should try to write every story well, you should give special attention to your lead story. This is the one by which listeners will judge the bulletin.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Headlines</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Once you have decided on the order of stories, you should write some headlines for the bulletin. It is usual to start a long bulletin by headlining the major stories. This may not be necessary for a short, three-minute bulletin, but for longer bulletins your listeners will want to know what kind of stories they can expect.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Your listeners will use the headlines to judge whether or not the bulletin is worth listening to, so write your headlines to promote the stories in the most powerful way possible.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">It is good practice to headline the first two or three most important stories, and also one or two dramatic stories which come later in the bulletin. Many stations also like to headline the final story, on the assumption that, if they make the headline attractive enough, listeners will stay tuned to the entire bulletin until they hear that story.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">You should write headlines for dramatic stories in such a way that you hint at the drama without giving away all the details. Remember that if you tell everything in the headlines, listeners have no need to hear the rest of the bulletin.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">In English bulletins, headlines do not have to be grammatically complete. They can be more like newspaper headlines, stripped down to the main words. The following are examples of possible headlines:</div><blockquote style="border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 5px; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">"More trouble for the Asean alliance."</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">"Twelve die in a mine blast."</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">"Why Russia is angry with Israel."</div></blockquote><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">When writing headlines about announcements or humorous stories, it is best to be mysterious, to keep the real information secret until the listeners hear the story itself. Such headlines are sometimes called teasers, because the tease the listeners' interest.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">For example, if you have a story about rising petrol prices, you might write the headline "Motorists face another shock at the petrol pumps". Never write the headline "Petrol is to rise by 10 cents a litre" - that gives the whole story away, and your listener can now tune to another station's bulletin or go and dig the garden again.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Closing stories</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Sometimes called <strong>tail-enders</strong>, closing stories are almost as important as lead stories. They are the last stories your listeners will hear and remember from the bulletin. You need to choose them carefully. However, because many listeners do not maintain their attention throughout the whole bulletin, you should not keep your best stories to the end.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Light or funny stories make the best tail-enders. They add relief and a change of pace to heavy bulletins. They should be written in a more informal way than other stories, possibly with a play on words which your listeners will appreciate.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">It is usual in English radio bulletins to signal the light tail-ender with the words "And finally...", as in the following example:</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">And finally, police in Apia are looking for a thief who broke into a house last night ... and left his trousers behind.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Be careful, though. Humorous stories may not be appropriate if the rest of the bulletin is dominated by a major tragedy.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Closing headlines</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">With longer bulletins, you can use closing headlines to remind your listeners of stories they may (or may not) have heard 10 minutes earlier.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Again they should be the major stories of the bulletin, excluding the tail-ender, which they should have just heard anyway.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Unlike opening headlines, which should attract your listeners to listen to the bulletin, closing headlines are simply there as a service, especially to listeners who may have tuned in late.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Each closing headline should be a summary of the main point of the story, written in one sentence. Any longer and they become a repeat of the story itself. Do not simply repeat the opening headline or intro of each story as a closing headline. This is laziness which does not serve your listeners. Never repeat teasers as closing headlines: give the details.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Closing headlines are usually introduced with a phrase like: "Now to summarise the main stories, ..."</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Actuality</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Short grabs of actuality are a useful part of news bulletins, for a number of reasons:</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">They can often tell the story more effectively than a script. If your story is about a violent protest outside an embassy, a 10-second grab of demonstrators chanting and shouting will convey the atmosphere better than any words.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">They can add variety to the pace of the bulletin, breaking up a long section of reading by one voice. On the practical side, they allow the newsreader to take a 30 or 40 second rest.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">They are often a chance to let people within your community speak on the radio. People like to hear their own voice on radio occasionally, or the voices of people they know.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Using a grab of someone speaking can convince listeners that the person really did say a certain thing. They might not believe your report that the Government is resigning. When they hear the Prime Minister announcing it, they have to believe.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Actuality grabs should be kept short (between 20 and 40 seconds), clear and well-edited. A minute-long grab of a dull voice will slow the pace of your bulletin and may force listeners to switch off.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Grabs must be introduced, stating clearly who will be speaking. You only need to identify a person after paying the actuality (called <strong>back-announcing</strong>) if the grab is long and the voice is not familiar.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Grabs in languages other than your own should be <strong>overdubbed</strong> with a translation. This means that you fade down (reduce) the sound of the original speaker until it can only just be heard, then play the voice of the translator over it.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">You can occasionally use grabs in languages other than your own without overdubbing, but only if you know that your listeners will be able to understand them. A short grab in simple language may be usable without an overdub, especially when it is used to show the emotion behind a speech, rather than the content.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">It is occasionally possible to open the bulletin with dramatic piece of actuality, then explain it with a back-announcement. Such a grab must be dramatic, short and make sense to your listeners. For example, a radio journalist used a 10-second grab of guns firing and people screaming during the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, then back-announced: "The guns which destroyed the hopes of peace in the Middle East as President Anwar Sadat of Egypt was assassinated."</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Only use such opening grabs on special occasions, otherwise they lose their effect. Also, it is not good to play the grab before the opening theme, as it will confuse your listeners.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Music</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Never use music as background to a news bulletin. It is distracting and ruins any variations in pace within the bulletin.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">A special theme should be used to announce the bulletin and may occasionally be used within the bulletin, perhaps to separate different segments. We call such short music inserts <strong>stabs </strong>or<strong> stings</strong>.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Your opening theme should be short and dramatic. It should either end before the presenter starts reading or should be faded out under their opening words. Many record companies now produce selections of electronic or instrumental themes especially for use as stabs.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Any stabs within the bulletin should echo the opening theme as a link throughout the bulletin. However, too many stabs will annoy the listener and reduce the amount of time available for real news.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">It is possible to use a closing theme at the end of the bulletin, although this should be different from the opening theme (you do not want to fool your listeners into thinking that this is the start of the bulletin). The best compromise is to use the opening bars of a theme at the start of the bulletin and use the closing bars at the end.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Timing your bulletin</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">There is never enough time on radio for all the stories a journalist would like to include, so the timing of your bulletin is very important. By careful timing you will be able to include all your important stories, giving adequate details of each.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The exact time of each item depends upon:</div><ul style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"><li>How long the whole bulletin is;</li>
<li>How many items you need to include;</li>
<li>How many grabs of actuality you want to use.</li>
</ul><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">You have to balance these three considerations. If your bulletin is 15 minutes long you can use up to 20 stories, several of them with grabs, and still treat each story properly. If the bulletin is only five minutes, long you might not manage more than seven or eight items and have time for only one or two short pieces of actuality.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Because some important stories can be told briefly and some less important stories need lots of explanation, you cannot set a fixed time for each story. However, if you aim to tell each story in about 30 to 45 seconds, you will be able to cover the news properly and in some detail.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">If you have a number of less important stories which you want to mention, run them as<strong>briefs</strong> at the end of the bulletin. Briefs are short stories, no longer than one or two sentences each. They are not designed to tell the whole news, simply to let people know that something has happened.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The inclusion of briefs also helps to increase the pace of the bulletin if the rest of the stories are long and heavy.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">If you are a newsreader too, you must always read your bulletin through fully before going to air. Use this opportunity to time each item, writing the time in the bottom right-hand corner. Eventually you will be able to look at a piece of copy and estimate within a second how long it will take to read. Initially, timing each item with a watch will help you to develop the skill. Some modern newsroom computer systems can automatically calculate the duration of a story based on the number of words and the newsreader’s<strong>reading rate</strong>.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Below, in the section Reading rate, we give some practical advice on how to calculate the length of your bulletin and its components.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Always take more copy than you need into the studio, just in case you have misjudged your timing or you have problems with a piece of audio which does not play. The extra copy may be a story which you would not normally consider important enough for the bulletin, but which will provide a useful reserve in emergencies.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Keep glancing at the studio clock as you read the bulletin so that you can make adjustments, adding or taking away stories. And always be ready to use that extra story in an emergency.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">In some cases, when your bulletin comes before a current affairs segment, you will not need to run full details of some stories in the news. You can say something like: "We will have full details of this story in our current affairs program after this bulletin."</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Special bulletins</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">We have been speaking so far mainly about regular news bulletins. There are, however, special bulletins which need considering.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>News flashes</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">A news flash is when the newsreader breaks into a program on-air to read an important, urgent news story, such as a major disaster or the death of a national leader. The news flash should only be used on extremely important stories.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Urgent news which arrives in the studio as the bulletin is going to air should be read at the next most suitable break in the bulletin, although it usually makes sense to use it at the end of the bulletin, just before any closing headlines.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The newsreader should have the story as soon as possible, so that they can decide where in the bulletin to use it. If you intended ending the bulletin with a light story and the flash comes through of a major air crash, you must drop the light story.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">It is possible to interrupt a non-news program for a news flash, although you must warn people in the studio that you are coming with the flash. The best method of introducing a flash is for the program presenter to introduce the newsreader with words like: "Now we interrupt the program to cross over to the newsdesk for some urgent news."</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The newsreader should then read the story in their usual tone, speaking clearly and repeating details. If you only have one sentence, you can read it twice to get the message across clearly. You should end with words like: "Those are all the details available at the moment. We will give full details in our next bulletin, at six o'clock."</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Weekend bulletins</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">You may need to treat weekend news bulletins in a slightly different way from weekday bulletins, because there are usually fewer stories available.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">You will need to re-assess newsworthiness at weekends, perhaps running stories which you would not use at other times. Your listeners will understand this. In fact, they may even welcome a change from a diet of death, disaster and politics.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">You may want to make your weekend bulletins shorter and perhaps include a segment on sports news. You may want to save lighter stories during the week to run at the weekend, as long as you still cover the major events as well.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Practical techniques</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">There are many practical techniques which will make the job of preparing news bulletins easier and more professional. If you use these techniques, they will help you to overcome many of the problems which inexperienced journalists can encounter.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Ranking stories</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">One of the major problems in bulletin preparation is ranking the stories in correct order. Just follow some simple steps.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">First read through all the stories available. Then go through them again, making three lists (or selecting the stories on to three piles). These categories should be:</div><ol style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"><li>Important stories which you must use;</li>
<li>Stories which you can use, but which are not so important;</li>
<li>Stories which you cannot use, for any reason.</li>
</ol><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">First look at the stories in category one. Calculate roughly how much news these will give you (if each story will be approximately 40 seconds long and you have four of them, they will take about 2 minutes 40 seconds to read).</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Now choose enough stories from category two to more than fill the remaining time. Together with your essential category one stories, decide the order in which you want to use them, taking into account their importance, length and pace.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">You can combine stories on similar topics, either running them as one story or as two stories linked with words such as "Meanwhile" or "Still on the subject of ...". A word of caution. Do not combine too many stories, because they will become a shapeless mass and you will lose the impact of separate intros.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Reading rate</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">It is very useful to know your reading rate or the reading rate of the newsreader who will read the bulletin. Once you know how long it will take you (or the newsreader) to read one line of type, you can time your bulletin by counting lines, rather than by timing yourself each time you practice.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Reading rates are calculated in <strong>words per second</strong> (wps) and usually range from 2 wps for slower readers in some languages to 3.5 wps for quite rapid readers in other languages.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Ask a colleague to help you calculate your reading rate. Get them to time 60 seconds while you read a short piece of news script. Mark where you stop after 60 seconds. Add up how many words you read in 60 seconds and write this number down. Repeat this process ten more times with different scripts. To calculate the average number of words you read in 60 seconds, add up all the numbers from the ten scripts and divide the total by ten. Divide this figure by 60 to get your reading rate in words per second.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">For example, you might find that over 10 scripts, you read 125, 126, 119, 123, 118, 120, 122, 126, 118 and 117 words in 60 seconds. Add these up; they total 1214 words. Divide this by 10 to get the average number of words per script (121). Now divide this average by 60 to get the number of words per second. The answer is roughly 2 words per second - your average reading rate.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Once you know your average reading rate, you can estimate how long it will take to read each story. Of course, you will not want to count all the words in all your stories; this would take too long. It is better to count just the number of lines.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">First, count how many words there are in 50 lines of your standard news scripts, then divide the total by 50. This will give you the average number of words per line. For example, if there are 600 words in 50 lines of script, the average is 12 words per line.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Now you can calculate how long it takes you to read a line of script. For example, if your reading rate is 2 words per second and your script contains an average of 12 words per line, you can read one line in 6 seconds (12 divided by 2). By counting the total number of lines in each story, you can calculate quite accurately how long they will take to read. For example, a story with 8 lines of type will take 48 seconds to read (8 times 6). Mark the time on the bottom right-hand corner of each story.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">One final step is to add up the times for all your stories. This will tell you the total time it will take to read them all. When you are adding up total reading time for the bulletin, add an extra two seconds for the pause between each story.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">(One tip on counting lines: If the final line in the paragraph ends less than half way across the page, ignore it. Count only those lines which end more than half way across the page. Over a number of paragraphs, this will average out accurately.)</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Of course, you may need a calculator to work out all the sums, but it is worth the effort. Once you learn how to calculate the length of your bulletins, you will be able to time them accurately. After many years, you may become so experienced that you can judge the length of a bulletin just by looking at it.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">[Back to timing your bulletin]</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>The script</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Most newsrooms today use computers to produce news stories and features which newsreaders can either print out or read directly from a screen in the studio.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">If your newsroom uses printed scripts they must be typed neatly, with any last-minute changes clearly crossed out. If you make more than a couple of crossings-out, re-print that script.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Start a new paragraph for each sentence and type double-spaced. Type only one story per sheet, as this will make it easier to find stories if you want to drop or insert them during the bulletin. Use good quality paper which will not rustle as you move it.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Never turn a phrase from one line to the next and certainly never hyphenate words from one line to the next.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Never staple the pages of your bulletin together. You must be able to pull the sheets aside noiselessly as you read them. Stack the stories neatly on one side after you have read them; do not throw them on the floor.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Even if you read “off the screen”, much of the above advice still holds though the challenge now is how to manage the scrolling of the script and the re-arrangement of stories while you read. As mentioned earlier, television newsreaders usually read from an autocue operated by another member of the production staff. Radio newsreaders seldom have such help so have to present their bulletins single-handed.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Whether you work in radio and television, if your news stories and bulletins are well-prepared in an orderly manner, you will make your work easier and serve your audience more effectively.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>TO SUMMARISE:</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Let us look back at some simple rules discussed over the past two chapters:</strong></div><ul style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"><li>KISS - keep it short and simple</li>
<li>Do not use quotes on radio or in television scripts</li>
<li>Avoid unfamiliar words</li>
<li>Repeat important words</li>
<li>Keep punctuation simple</li>
<li>Simplify numbers</li>
<li>Avoid abbreviations</li>
<li>Show how to pronounce difficult words</li>
</ul><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>When constructing bulletins consider:</strong></div><ul style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;"><li>balance</li>
<li>pace</li>
</ul><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Remember radio and television news is presented in a linear way over time.</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Consider how you will use different elements and how they go together in sequence.</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Time your bulletin precisely but always have extra material in reserve</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><strong><br />
</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><strong><br />
</strong></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Info collected from: Internet</span></span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Source: All India Radio, Red FM, Doordarshan, IBN7 LIVE, AAJTAK, Google, WikiPedia </span></span></b></div></div>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-60765411065620542492011-03-27T17:02:00.000-07:002011-03-27T17:02:55.004-07:00The radio interview<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><br />
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>- DEFINITION</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The interview – an exchange between a journalist or presenter and a source of information – is a difficult art. It requires good preparation, a knowledge of technique, heightened people skills, in other words paying attention to others. It should be thought of in terms of goal-focused strategy.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>- OBJECTIVES</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">‘Explanation’ interview. Get information from your interviewee about his or her expert subject, or about something he or she is well-positioned to talk about.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">‘Portrait’ interview. Bring out the personality of the interviewee on the air. </div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">‘Witness’ interview. Have a witness to an event. </div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">’Declaration’ interview. Ask the reaction of someone involved in the news, or of a politician for their immediate reaction to a story or meeting in which they have taken part.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">’Vox Pop’ interview. Survey a slice of the population to give a reflection of public opinion about a news story.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>- HOW TO PREPARE AN INTERVIEW?</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>1st Research</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Research is crucial. The pertinence of your questions and your capacity to resist being manipulated depends on how good your research has been.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>2nd Making contact beforehand</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Making contact with the person before the interview should give your interviewee a better understanding of what is expected of him or her, and in what context the interview will be used. It also means you can assess whether or not someone will make a good interviewee.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>3rd Preparing the questions</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">How you prepare your questions will depend on two criteria:</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>a) Who am I interviewing?</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">A politician, a colleague, the man in the street, an expert, a celebrity. You will tailor your questions in quite a different way for each.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>b) What is it for?</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">A news bulletin, a current affairs programme, a general interest broadcast. The format and the atmosphere should be adapted for the different types of programme.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>4th Preparing your equipment</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">· Make sure your recorder is working properly (microphone, cable, tape, cassette, mini-disc, plug, batteries, etc) by doing a quick recording and listening back to it.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">· If the interview is to take place outdoors, take along a microphone wind-shield.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>- THREE INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The non-directive interview: Begin with "Tell me about...", never use a question. This approach leaves the interviewee free to say whatever he or she likes without limiting him or her to the parameters of your own knowledge of the subject. You can then go back over the most important points raised, "sum up" each along the lines of "you were saying...". This method of interviewing is best for bringing out lots information, but it is the most difficult to master.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The directed interview: Only use questions, more or less open ones. The interviewer knows about what they are discussing, and sometimes even knows the answer he will get, but needs the interviewee to confirm the information.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The semi-directed interview: Alternate the questions between those which guide the interview to where you want to go and those which may invite interesting and enriching elaboration.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>- MAIN TYPES OF QUESTIONS</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Closed questions: Reply is either ‘yes’ or ‘no’.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Eg. "Are you in favour of free speech?"</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Multiple choice questions : The reply is induced.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Eg. "Are you in favour of the death penalty, or of life imprisonment?"</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Semi-open questions: Replies are short and precise.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Eg. These questions in general start with ‘How many?’ , ‘Who?’ , ‘When?’ and ‘Where?’</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Open questions: Detailed replies, open to explanation and justification, etc.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Eg. "What do you think about free speech?"</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>- SOME TRICKS OF THE TRADE</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Think through the strategy of your questions</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Start with a question that is more or less innocuous as a sort of ‘warm-up’ and to put your interviewee at ease. On the other hand you can also throw yourself right in with a difficult one, if you want to knock your interviewee off balance or create an atmosphere of controversy.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Alternate between open and less open questions to re-focus you interviewee on the subject or let him or her a little more freedom. If they are rambling, ask closed questions that demand precise answers. If you want them to open up a bit, ask broader questions to let relax them.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Use the "sum up" if your interviewee is trying to dodge answering an important point, re-formulating it as a question "So what you’re saying is…" More often than not, he or she will return to what they were trying to avoid!</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Structure your questions, with the most interesting at the start. Then, if you’re running out of time, you will have got in the most important ones. This is the same principle as the "inverted pyramid" of news writing.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong></strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>Avoiding the well-known pitfalls:</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong></strong>The interviewee answers your question with a question. Just stay quiet, wait for him or her to answer your question. If he doesn’t, ask the same question again. In rare, extreme cases, remind him the rules of the game: You are the interviewer, it’s your job to ask the questions. He agreed to the interview, and in doing so agreed to answer them. This should be said firmly, but not in an aggressive manner.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">The interviewer starts to answer your questions saying "Yes, indeed…but one important question I feel I should address is…" or "that’s and interesting question and it raises another…", and proceeds to ask himself a question he wants to answer. Be vigilant. Keep going back to the issue you want to explore, politely but firmly, until you get a real answer.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong></strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong>- THE RISK OF MANIPULATION</strong></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><strong></strong>A badly-prepared interview can leave the door open to manipulation. The journalist doing an interview should always be vigilant and sufficiently well briefed to be able to exercise judgement and discernment.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;">Info Collected from: Internet</span></b></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;">Source: Prasar Bharti, All India Radio, Google, Wikipedia, Doordarshan</span></b></div></div>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-80342444396455441492011-03-27T17:00:00.000-07:002011-03-27T17:00:30.246-07:00Types of television or radio programme<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"></span><br />
<div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><b>Types of television or radio programme</b></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">breakfast television noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">television programmes that are broadcast early in the morning</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">broadcast noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a programme that can be seen or heard on radio or television</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">bulletin noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a short news broadcast</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">call-in noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a phone-in</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">Ceefax</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a written information service on British television, provided by the BBC</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">chat show noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television or radio programme in which famous people talk about themselves and their work</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">closed-captioned adjective</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a closed-captioned television programme has the words being spoken written at the bottom of the screen for people who do not hear well</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">docudrama noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television programme or film based on events that really happened</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">documentary noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a film or television programme that deals with real people and events</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">docusoap noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television programme series about the lives of real people</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">feature noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a part of a programme on television or radio that concentrates on a particular subject</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">fly-on-the-wall adjective</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a fly-on-the-wall television programme or film shows real people doing what they normally do every day</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">free-to-air adjective</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">free-to-air television programmes can be watched without having to pay anything extra</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">game show noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television programme in which people play games or answer questions in order to win prizes</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">the God slot noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">the time at which religious programmes are usually broadcast on television or radio. Some people consider this word offensive.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">infomercial noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a long advertisement on television that is made in the style of an ordinary programme</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">infotainment noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">television programmes about real events or facts that are made in a way that entertains people</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">item noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a short part of a news programme on television or radio dealing with a particular subject</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">line-up noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a set of television or radio programmes that are broadcast one after another</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">live adjective</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a live television or radio programme can be watched or listened to at the same time as it happens</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">magazine noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television or radio programme made up of various reports, news stories etc</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">miniseries noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a film made to be shown on television in several parts on different days</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">the news noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television or radio broadcast that gives you information about recent events, read by a newsreader with special reports by correspondents</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">news bulletin noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a short television or radio programme that broadcasts the main pieces of the news</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">newscast noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a news programme. Someone who reads the news during a newscast is a newscaster.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">newsflash noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a short broadcast of an important piece of news in the middle of a television or radio programme</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">omnibus noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a radio or television programme that consists of several programmes that have already been broadcast separately</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">outside broadcast noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television or radio programme that is not made in a studio but in another building or outside in a street etc</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">phone-in noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a radio or television programme that people phone with their questions or comments. The usual American word is call-in.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">pilot noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television programme that is broadcast to find out if people would enjoy a whole series</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">profile noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a short article or programme about someone</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">programme noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television or radio broadcast</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">the radio noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">the programmes that are broadcast for people to listen to</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">reality TV noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">television programmes that do not use professional actors but show real events and situations involving ordinary people</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">repeat noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television or radio programme that is broadcast again</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">rerun noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a programme that is being shown on television again</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">roadshow noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a series of radio or television programmes, each of which is broadcast from a different place</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">satellite television noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">television programmes that are sent to your television using satellite communications</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">series noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a set of television or radio programmes that are all about a particular subject, person, or group of people</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">shipping forecast noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a radio broadcast describing what weather conditions will be like for ships sailing on the sea</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">show noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television or radio programme</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">sitcom noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television or radio series about a particular group of characters who deal with situations in a humorous way</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">situation comedy noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a sitcom</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">soap noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a soap opera</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">soap opera noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a television or radio series about the imaginary lives of a group of people. A soap opera is often simply called a soap.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">sportscast noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a radio or television programme about sport</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">tabloid TV noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">television programmes that are intended to be exciting or shocking</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">talkback noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a phone-in</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">talk radio noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">radio programmes in which the presenters discuss subjects with people who telephone them during the programme</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">talk show noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a chat show</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">T-commerce noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">business done using interactive television</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">telecast noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a programme broadcast on television</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">telefilm noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a film made to be broadcast on television, and not shown in cinemas</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">telethon noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a long television programme that provides entertainment with the purpose of raising money for charity (=organizations that help people)</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">television noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">the programmes shown on television</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">transmission noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a radio or television programme</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">update noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a report or broadcast containing all the latest news or information</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">the weather noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">a report on the weather in a newspaper or on television</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;">simulcast noun</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Info compiled from internet.</span></b></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Source: Google and Wikipedia</span></b></div><div style="color: #333333;"><br />
</div></div>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-73781513735916356012011-01-23T03:45:00.000-08:002011-01-23T03:47:56.051-08:00<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFxmlYD1z0N_cDEDl4xRtUS5VNkhi_UmghuX_dIRV2RyrgyJZL9ekKlptTPAFEqYRLh0YzUwEokpRmn9Yb59gVkv61x2Hk-cCSlFS0wIOCJUP5dZDDCyMlYV9R3aV-l2HnJe4nL07mZ90/s1600/stay+raw.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 225px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFxmlYD1z0N_cDEDl4xRtUS5VNkhi_UmghuX_dIRV2RyrgyJZL9ekKlptTPAFEqYRLh0YzUwEokpRmn9Yb59gVkv61x2Hk-cCSlFS0wIOCJUP5dZDDCyMlYV9R3aV-l2HnJe4nL07mZ90/s320/stay+raw.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5565346628729750354" /></a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-90844362265933171972010-11-18T11:36:00.000-08:002010-11-18T11:39:05.014-08:00Rio...movie by Maker's Of Ice Age<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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Blue Sky and Fox are working on Rio, a new 3D CGI animated movie that's likely to be as successful as their Ice Age trilogy. The film story revolves around Blu, a nerdy parrot from small-town Minnesota, who takes off on an adventure to Rio de Janeiro. The voice cast of Rio includes Neil Patrick Harris, Anne Hathaway, Rodrigo Santoro, George Lopez, Jake T. Austin. The movie Rio will hit theaters on April 8, 2011.</div><div><br />
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b>Plot:</b></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">"Set in the magnificent city of Rio de Janeiro and the lush rainforest of Brazil, the comedy-adventure centers on Blu, a rare macaw who thinks he is the last of his kind. When Blu discovers there's another - and that she's a she - he leaves the comforts of his cage in small town Minnesota and heads to Rio. But it's far from love at first sight between the domesticated and flight-challenged Blu and the fiercely independent, high-flying female, Jewel.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Unexpectedly thrown together, they embark on an adventure of a lifetime, where they learn about friendship, love, courage, and being open to life's many wonders. Rio brings together a menagerie of vivid characters, a heart-warming story, colourful backdrops, energising Latin and contemporary music, and family-friendly song and dance."</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The movie seems definitely bound to be a real success: those birds are damn cool, i love them they're so funny. Plus beyond those lovely characters, we may enjoy some interesting music too (well no wonder about that: John Powell is scoring the film with contributions of Bossa Nova master musician Sergio Mendes and Will.i.am from the Black Eyed Peas).</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Impatient to see more of the movie Rio!</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">:)</div><div><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHXjzW9eZQKHVvSXFvmxwE4axax6gzXIFF_GJKgumycs9ERFDFsx3Uk2gUDn88QeQgqOqj9xVkW_gzE0E6cjPNi6JK4WTnD7-NpmOO10QWPNjPGXacs9PuHm5XD44QUzLmz5wuOuVlEQo/s1600/Rio+Movie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHXjzW9eZQKHVvSXFvmxwE4axax6gzXIFF_GJKgumycs9ERFDFsx3Uk2gUDn88QeQgqOqj9xVkW_gzE0E6cjPNi6JK4WTnD7-NpmOO10QWPNjPGXacs9PuHm5XD44QUzLmz5wuOuVlEQo/s1600/Rio+Movie.jpg" /></a></div><br />
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<b>Watch below the first official movie trailer of Rio:</b><br />
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<object height="390" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Bf6zeRwk5LE&rel=0&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Bf6zeRwk5LE&rel=0&hl=en_US&feature=player_embedded&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" width="640" height="390"></embed></object><br />
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<b><br />
</b><br />
<br />
<b>A</b><b>bout Rio:</b><br />
<br />
Title: Rio<br />
Genre: Animation/Comedy/Family<br />
Directed by: Carlos Saldanha<br />
Written by: Don Rhymer<br />
Starring: <br />
Neil Patrick Harris, Anne Hathaway, Rodrigo Santoro, George Lopez, Jake T. Austin<br />
Music by: John Powell<br />
Upcoming Movies 2011: April 8, 2011RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-86590821268111805492010-11-07T02:47:00.000-08:002010-11-07T02:49:48.622-08:00BONUS MATERIAL RELATED to the 79th ANNUAL ACADEMY AWARDS® POSTER<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>This year’s Academy Awards poster, which features dozens of</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>memorable quotes from Academy Award-winning or</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>nominated films, might serve as an additional tool for sparking</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>students’ interest in film. The quotes could launch discussions</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>on writing, film history, sociological or cultural influences, or</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>even comparisons between films and their original source</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>materials. Some possible approaches to using this poster</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>include:</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>• What do these phrases tell you about the movie?</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>• Why do you think the phrases became popular?</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>• Which phrases make you want to see the movie?</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>• How many movies can you identify?</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>Show students one of the films</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>represented by a quote. Discuss</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>whether the phrase represents the film,</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>the character who says it, or both. Does</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>it reveal something about the film</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>or the character? Does it occur at</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>a major dramatic or emotional</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>moment? Have you heard people</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>around you using the phrase in</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>general conversation? Did you</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>realize that the phrase came</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>from a movie?</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s><br />
</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s><br />
</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s><br />
</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>Following is a list of the quotes in alphabetical order, including</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>film source and year of production.</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s><br />
</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s><br />
</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“All right, Mr. DeMille, I’m ready for my closeup.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– SUNSET BLVD. (1950)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THE BRIDGE ON THE RIVER KWAI (1957)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“An Englishman never jokes about a wager, sir.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– AROUND THEWORLD IN 80 DAYS (1956)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Attica! Attica!” – DOG DAY AFTERNOON (1975)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Can’t you see I have, you chump? Get me some viskey!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THE GREAT ZIEGFELD (1936)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Come in, come in! We won’t bite you – till we know you</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>better.” – WEST SIDE STORY (1961)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Do I ice ’er? Do I marry ’er?” – PRIZZI’S HONOR (1985)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Don’t jive me, man.” – RAY (2004)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“E.T. phone home.” – E.T. THE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL (1982)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Follow the money.” – ALL THE PRESIDENT’S MEN (1976)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Frailty, thy name is woman!” – HAMLET (1948)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Frankly, my dear, I don’t give a damn!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– GONE WITH THEWIND (1939)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Frodo!” – THE LORD OF THE RINGS:THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>(2001)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Gentlemen, you can’t fight in here. This is the War Room.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– DR. STRANGELOVE OR: HOW I LEARNED TO STOPWORRYING</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>AND LOVE THE BOMB (1964)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Give ’em the old razzle dazzle.” – CHICAGO (2002)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Good evening, Clarice.” – THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS (1991)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Greed is good.” – WALL STREET (1987)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Here’s looking at you, kid.” – CASABLANCA (1943)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Hit me, Chief! I got the moves!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO’S NEST (1975)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Hope that was an empty bottle, George! You can’t afford to</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>waste good liquor, not on your salary!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– WHO’S AFRAID OF VIRGINIAWOOLF? (1966)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I am a dead man and buggered to boot.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE (1998)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I am not an animal. I am a human being. I am a man.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THE ELEPHANT MAN (1980)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I coulda had class. I coulda been a contender. I coulda been</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>somebody, instead of a bum, which is what I am.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– ON THEWATERFRONT (1954)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I love it when guys peel out.” – AMERICAN GRAFFITI (1973)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I wish I knew how to quit you.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN (2005)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“If you build it, he will come.” – FIELD OF DREAMS (1989)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I’ll get you, my pretty, and your little dog too!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THEWIZARD OF OZ (1939)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I’m as mad as hell and I’m not going to take this anymore!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– NETWORK (1976)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I’m asking you to marry me, you little fool.” – REBECCA (1940)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s><br />
</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I’m gonna make him an offer he can’t refuse.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THE GODFATHER (1972)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I’m the king of the world!” – TITANIC (1997)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I’m walking here! I’m walking here!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– MIDNIGHT COWBOY (1969)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“In case I forget to tell you later, I had a really good time</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>tonight.” – PRETTYWOMAN (1990)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“It is widely held that too much wine will dull a man’s desire.</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>Indeed it will, in a dull man.” – TOM JONES (1963)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“I’ve seen nothing. I should have stayed at home and found out</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>what was really going on.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THE BEST YEARS OF OUR LIVES (1946)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“My Momma always said life was like a box of chocolates.</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>You never know what you’re gonna get.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– FORREST GUMP (1994)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“My name is Gladiator.” – GLADIATOR (2000)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“No, a golf course is nothing but a pool room moved</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>outdoors.” – GOING MYWAY (1944)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“No, if anyone orders Merlot, I’m leaving.” – SIDEWAYS (2004)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“No prisoners! No prisoners!” – LAWRENCE OF ARABIA (1962)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Off the record, on the QT, and very Hush-Hush.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– L.A. CONFIDENTIAL (1997)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“One’s too many and a hundred’s not enough!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THE LOSTWEEKEND (1945)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Open the pod bay doors, HAL.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– 2001:A SPACE ODYSSEY (1968)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Remember those posters that said,‘Today is the first day of</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>the rest of your life’? Well, that’s true of every day except</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>one – the day you die.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– AMERICAN BEAUTY (1999)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Rosebud.” – CITIZEN KANE (1941)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Show me the money!” – JERRY MAGUIRE (1996)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Shut up! Shut up and take the pain! Take the pain!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– PLATOON (1986)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Snap out of it!” – MOONSTRUCK (1987)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Sometimes you’re so beautiful it just gags me.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– YOU CAN’T TAKE IT WITH YOU (1938)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Stanley, ya see this? This is this. This ain’t something else.</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>This is this. From now on, you’re on your own.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THE DEER HUNTER (1978)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“STELLA!” – A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE (1951)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Such stupidity is without equal in the entire history of human</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>relations.” – GIGI (1958)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Ten minutes to Wapner.” – RAIN MAN (1988)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“The Force is strong with this one!” – STARWARS (1977)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“The horror. The horror.” – APOCALYPSE NOW (1979)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“The truth, Helen, is always the right answer.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– SCHINDLER’S LIST (1993)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“The Von Trapp children don’t play. They march.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THE SOUND OF MUSIC (1965)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“They call me MISTER Tibbs!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– IN THE HEAT OF THE NIGHT (1967)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Think you used enough dynamite there, Butch?”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– BUTCH CASSIDY AND THE SUNDANCE KID (1969)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“This is Doyle. I’m sittin’ on Frog One.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– THE FRENCH CONNECTION (1971)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Wanna dance? Or would you rather just suck face?”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– ON GOLDEN POND (1981)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Well, to tell ya the truth, I lied a little.” – CHINATOWN (1974)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Well, what am I? I’m a private no-class dogface. The way most</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>civilians look at that, that’s two steps up from nothin’.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– FROM HERE TO ETERNITY (1953)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“We’re going to kick the hell out of him all the time and we’re</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>going to go through him like crap through a goose!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– PATTON (1970)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“What we’ve got here is failure to communicate.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– COOL HAND LUKE (1967)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“When you’re in love with a married man, you shouldn’t wear</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>mascara.” – THE APARTMENT (1960)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Who was the best pilot I ever saw? Well, uh, you’re lookin’ at</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>’im.” – THE RIGHT STUFF (1983)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“Wind in the hair! Lead in the pencil!”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– TERMS OF ENDEARMENT (1983)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“You can break a man’s skull. You can arrest him. You can</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>throw him into a dungeon. But how do you control what’s</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>up here? How do you fight an idea?”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– BEN-HUR (1959)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“You can’t handle the truth!” – A FEW GOOD MEN (1992)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“You don’t throw a whole life away just ’cause it’s banged up a</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>little.” – SEABISCUIT (2003)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“You don’t want much. You just want the moon. …with</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>parsley!” – GENTLEMAN’S AGREEMENT (1947)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“You had me at hello.” – JERRY MAGUIRE (1996)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“You make me want to be a better man.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– AS GOOD AS IT GETS (1997)</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>“You throw money around like it was money.”</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><s>– ALL THE KING’S MEN (1949).</s></span></i></u></span></b><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>resource collected from net.</b></span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>Another educational program from</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>VISUAL EFFECTS:</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>YMI is the only company developing free,</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>creative and innovative classroom materials</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>that is owned and directed by award-winning</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b>former teachers.</b></span>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-1730524262451904692010-10-16T03:15:00.001-07:002010-10-16T03:15:49.502-07:00Statistics of the Games<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(119, 118, 118); font-size: 12px; "><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Delhi 2010 changed the record books and gave stat gurus lots to work for. Presenting the statistics of the XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Australian Coutts and Indian Narang ‘Queen and King of the Games</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >• With five Gold medals in Swimming, Alicia Coutts (AUS) was the most successful athlete at the Games<br />• Gagan Narang (IND) was the most successful male athlete. He won four Gold medals in Shooting.</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Australians Jones and Seebohm equal all-time medal records</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >• Leisel Marie Jones (AUS) became the third person to win 10 Gold medals in the Commonwealth Games history, tying the all-time record of Susie O’Neill (AUS) and Ian Thorpe (AUS)<br />• Emily Jane Seebohm (AUS) equalled the record of winning eight medals in total in one Games. Swimmers Ralph Hutton (AUS) in 1966 and Susie O’Neill (AUS) in 1998 were the only other athletes to achieve this feat</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Australia was the most successful Commonwealth Games Association(CGA) in Delhi</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >• Australia was the most successful CGA at Delhi 2010. It won 74 Gold, 55 Silver and 48 Bronze medals. It was the 12th time they led the medal table<br />• Australia has been the most successful CGA in every Games since 1990<br />• England was the third-best CGA at this Games, behind India. Only once before, at the Victoria 1994 Games, have two CGAs performed better than England</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Host nation India performs better than ever</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >• India won more Gold medals than it had won before in one Games. It took 38 Gold medals, its previous record was 30 in 2002<br />• With its 101 medals in total, India finished runner-up in the medal tally and became the fourth CGA to reach the century mark in one Games<br />• Every host nation of the Commonwealth Games has beaten its previous record number of medals, and India has joined that list in 2010</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Four CGAs win their first Commonwealth Games Gold medals</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >• Natasha Mayers (SVG) clinched the first Gold for St. Vincent and the Grenadines, in the Women’s 100m in Athletics, on 7 October <br />• Amantle Montsho (BOT) won Botswana’s first Gold in the Women’s 400m in Athletics on 8 October<br />• Faavae Faauliuli (SAM) collected Samoa’s first Gold medal in Commonwealth Games history, in the Men’s 94kg Weightlifting on 9 October. One day later, two other Samoans won Gold in this sport<br />• On 11 October, Cydonie Camile Mothersill (CAY) won the first Gold medal for Cayman Islands, when she ran to victory in the Women’s 200m event in Athletics</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Australia reaches medal milestones in Delhi</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >• On 8 October, Kasey Brown (AUS) clinched Australia’s 2000th medal in all Commonwealth Games. She took the Bronze medal for Australia in the Women’s Singles in Squash<br />• The Women’s Hockey team won Australia’s 800th Gold medal in Commonwealth Games history on 13 October</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Australia’s Croak wins Gold in two different sports at the Commonwealth Games</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >• Alexandra Croak (AUS) became the first athlete to win Gold in two different sports at the Games, considering Cycling Road and Cycling Track as the same sport<br />• Croak won a Gold medal in Diving in Delhi 2010, and had previously won gold in Artistic Gymnastics in Manchester 2002</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >More podium sweeps than ever in Athletics</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >• In six Athletics events, one CGA swept the podium, more medal sweeps than ever at the Commonwealth Games in this sport<br />• Kenya clinched the Gold, Silver and Bronze medals in four events: the Women’s and Men’s 3000m Steeplechase, the Men’s 800m and the Women’s 5000m<br />• England swept the podium in the Men’s 110m Hurdles and India won all medals in the Women’s Discus Throw</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><strong style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Winning streaks in Rugby Sevens, Men’s Hockey and Synchronised Swimming extended</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >• New Zealand won the Rugby Sevens Gold in Delhi, as it had also done in the three previous Rugby Sevens tournaments at the Commonwealth Games. New Zealand has never lost a match in Rugby Sevens in Games history<br />• Australia won the title in Men’s Hockey, having won Gold in the event at all three previous Games in which it was held<br />• Canada kept its 100 per cent record in Synchronised Swimming alive. It has won all 14 events since the sport was included in the Games in 1986.</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><br /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><br /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >info from:-</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.7em; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><a href="http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/news/statistics_games">http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/news/statistics_games</a></span></p></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-15836472641788174052010-10-16T01:30:00.000-07:002010-12-12T18:51:53.762-08:00my Achievements At Mtv- INDIA'S NUMBER 1 YOUTH CHANNEL. STAY RAW<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCN437Mkw9fYnqgsEiqOEtTg-XoBPkTyiJ2S1Qk7kL26v9aAJXxEz-kRerPajG3Riv7sEiaoxAwSJ1BpeTsKqwqT2sTL05BaLZuwLCQeBFm7jVOlOwMWoHV1l_0tW2vVtE7_T1K41kZy4c/s1600/76956_485874040101_89743390101_5454469_5299060_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCN437Mkw9fYnqgsEiqOEtTg-XoBPkTyiJ2S1Qk7kL26v9aAJXxEz-kRerPajG3Riv7sEiaoxAwSJ1BpeTsKqwqT2sTL05BaLZuwLCQeBFm7jVOlOwMWoHV1l_0tW2vVtE7_T1K41kZy4c/s200/76956_485874040101_89743390101_5454469_5299060_n.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;">the day, was not one of my luckiest days but still i got the lucky call from MTV. i was very excited when i got the call.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;">Then i informed my gang members and we went to chanakyapuri for the auditions 2 days later.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvTBBKud4osCgI-UagJMEX6fWn3fVgmlKVkgtTiPY7HbQLa2eBjeR7P-2k4xOfiryW0CRZqm99WyOHZQinMTqPiwqz0ux3SFzIMibxk-7JsMH4QjK9fsIBvf34tFJo5Y40fy65EAdbKpFc/s1600/tg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvTBBKud4osCgI-UagJMEX6fWn3fVgmlKVkgtTiPY7HbQLa2eBjeR7P-2k4xOfiryW0CRZqm99WyOHZQinMTqPiwqz0ux3SFzIMibxk-7JsMH4QjK9fsIBvf34tFJo5Y40fy65EAdbKpFc/s200/tg.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;">The Venue was Delhi College Of Arts And Commerce at 9.30am. By the time we all showed up from all the corners of delhi [Noida, East Delhi To be precise] it was 11 am.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;">We were the last of the teams on that day sign up the registration sheet. We were all given a ID- with number 22 on it. When we entered the hall, there were other teams seated and one team was performing a Pole Dance on stage, we were shocked because we hadn't planned on anything....</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinhGqz82MON2pHMQTZAffNqRhirg2ngM772OKRXKsD0oyq9qMjr3gT7pO2wmMTrl801XjfxsbzITsVrIBFi8ub51WeHdZHTeQPN5Qju2x2IvQj-OrDaZ8vKeUjQQqcY4Ll71-TjMN8z7dU/s1600/1111111111111.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinhGqz82MON2pHMQTZAffNqRhirg2ngM772OKRXKsD0oyq9qMjr3gT7pO2wmMTrl801XjfxsbzITsVrIBFi8ub51WeHdZHTeQPN5Qju2x2IvQj-OrDaZ8vKeUjQQqcY4Ll71-TjMN8z7dU/s200/1111111111111.jpg" width="150" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;">But luckily before it was our turn to perform on stage we were called into the audition room for G.D(group discussion). V.J BANI was our judge for the day. She gave us the topic "IS CHEATING VALID IN A RELATIONSHIP". We were in support of the topic. Mr. Ali helped us out. He was with the MTV team. He was really good with his arguements against the other team.</span><br />
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;">After we completed G.D,we came back in a hall, we were called on a stage and we were asked to perform a single-legged dance. We did our best. :)</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPz5iDG6bFqVMgo6PUy2YtwL9QVHSKgd9VqDprCQrmSqSryCM5y-dy6Zj20ji3mR763RI-ns9TOl_qzy_qrBcE42m5naH6-Ievr4qbpYIZhR5oaaTJzRwot_EvEBXuqctFQZgDrcHB62YG/s1600/mtv.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPz5iDG6bFqVMgo6PUy2YtwL9QVHSKgd9VqDprCQrmSqSryCM5y-dy6Zj20ji3mR763RI-ns9TOl_qzy_qrBcE42m5naH6-Ievr4qbpYIZhR5oaaTJzRwot_EvEBXuqctFQZgDrcHB62YG/s200/mtv.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;">We didn't expect to win the GD but stil we did, we were all really happy. The next round was P.I(personal interview.)</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqg957lbQ44kux2PBhcbM06eetUXjQZGm11BZsBFzBQkVpiu90jjEBoUoZyUQowSmaWDT2Lfp8BasRdcJDa7sjAjAo1SW3OrcWLQT2I8awf4VemjGi9cPWtB-fT0kjJXILO06PPmb0-BG6/s1600/tg+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqg957lbQ44kux2PBhcbM06eetUXjQZGm11BZsBFzBQkVpiu90jjEBoUoZyUQowSmaWDT2Lfp8BasRdcJDa7sjAjAo1SW3OrcWLQT2I8awf4VemjGi9cPWtB-fT0kjJXILO06PPmb0-BG6/s320/tg+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;">Personal Interview was a much more relaxed affair. They asked us word play questions and asked some questions about our Gang. It went well and we were all happy as we left the place and made our way to our respective homes. As we were in metro we got the call that our gang TOONZ GAMERZ is one of the 10 Gangs selected from Delhi. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;">It was truly a happy moment.....</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY7btEcNFriJ5gBGYTsN02IPrq6w_CQO34rSeXdGYNq1ZF4OvnHbpGMWYgc6iUSmW5xwT_mwecf8OoK-iR43D9R5BIJ-Sd6zmLRGCQDZOic8hzw-NgE8iAQYbLwEmJr2UJ7ErVKrfvMeLA/s1600/14668_187503131330_687916330_3476579_5985656_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY7btEcNFriJ5gBGYTsN02IPrq6w_CQO34rSeXdGYNq1ZF4OvnHbpGMWYgc6iUSmW5xwT_mwecf8OoK-iR43D9R5BIJ-Sd6zmLRGCQDZOic8hzw-NgE8iAQYbLwEmJr2UJ7ErVKrfvMeLA/s320/14668_187503131330_687916330_3476579_5985656_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px;"><br />
</span>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-18989318072369456462010-10-15T02:01:00.001-07:002010-10-15T02:01:39.387-07:00Ramayana - The Epic review by cgtantra<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Film: Ramayana - The Epic (Animation) (U)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Director: Chetan Desai</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Voices: Manoj Bajpayee, Juhi Chawla, Ashutosh Rana, Mukesh Rishi</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Dialogues and Script Research - Rituraaj Tripathii</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Art Director - Priyam Chaterjee</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><b>Rating: 3/5</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><b>Ramayana - The Epic</b> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">, the Chetan Desai rendition to the original Valmiki’s Epic Poem is one of the latest mythological 3d-animated feature venture and an honest attempt to marry this still nascent medium of animation of feature story telling to an Indian Audience which has spent their weekends more with the Superstar entertainers than with computer animated versions of Hindu mythologies.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><i>With the formula of Animation as a preferred medium and Mythological Heroes like Hanuman kickstarting the trend, Ramayana the Epic with its pre-release marketing and perfect Dussehra Release timing should be expecting a decent turnout of the families and kids.</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Though from a technical and animation point of view, its nothing superlative but surely a much-required fledgling step towards achieving international quality foot-holding.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><b>Plot:</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Ram (voiced by Manoj Bajpayee), the eldest son of Dashrath, is exiled from the kingdom for fourteen years because of over jealous StepMom Kaikei . His beloved wife Sita (voiced by Juhi Chawla) and the younger brother Laxman (voiced by Rishabh Shukla) who is devoted to him, decide to accompany them to the jungle of Chitrakoot. One day, Surpanakha, the ravishingly beautiful demon princess spots Rama in the jungle and is attracted to him. When he rejects her proposal, she complains to her brother, Ravan (voiced by Ashutosh Rana), the demon king of Rakshasas. Ravan disguises as a sage and kidnaps Sita to his kingdom of Lanka. And thus begins the epic battle between the forces of good and evil, as Rama unleashes his powers against Ravan in an amazing demonstration of heroism, and super powers accompanied by the massive Vanar Sena of King Sugreev and Bahubali Hanuman.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">With a story already set deep within the religious sentiments of all Indians and Ramanand Sagar’s version of Arun Govil as Lord Rama set in the minds of millions of TV Viewers from our childhood days,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><i>Chetan Desai’s Ramayana The Epic , has made an effort to package the Magnum-an-opus into a 100 minute narrative in his own style.</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">With grand SETS and locations, innovative weapons, time dissolves with voice overs and lots of cutting edge visual effects. Though the editing is crisp and the story flows on from one incident to another, a bit more punch could have been added to the screenplay to make it more fluid , as at times it feels slightly disconnected or as if there is a sense of hurry - especially in the second half.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The music is peppy and catchy and especially the Vanar Song when Ram enters Khiskhinda jungle with all the Vanar Sena doing “Matar Gasti” would hopefully be enjoyed by Kids. The dialogues(Rituraaj) though can be difficult at times for kids and the layman to understand as it is very textual and attempted to be staged in the ancient times and hence bordering on sanskrit.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">As the film begins, the first thing that catches your attention is the very stylized title design which had pumped up my expectations form an aesthetics and design value perspective for the film. With Ketan Mehta’s Maya Digital Media ( earlier Maya Ent. Ltd) as being one of the oldest Animation and VFX Production houses in India, Ramayana The Epic comes as the first Feature Length Movie release for the team and a stepping stone to churn out more in the coming years.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">But , except for a few really great sequences and executions, there seemed a lot of disparity in the quality of animation as well as design. The main characters designs could have been done better except for Ravan ( Ashutosh Rana is a treat to hear personified by the best character design in the movie). Ravan as a Villian and the way the voice artist has done justice to the character portrait (the scene where we see 10 different perspectives of Ravana coming from Ravana’s seated on different seats symbolizing the conflict of 10 headed Raavan) is really commendable and something to look out for. And personally, Ravan with the portrayal of over egoistic and bordering on hot headed maniac seems to be one of the best crowd pullers in this entertainer.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The Animation throughout the movie is something that could have been given more attention and except for a few fight sequences like the Bali-Sugreev Rain duel and the Raavan multiplying and disappearing in FX Dust part there are very few visually grand choreographed sequences that one could go back home and talk about. The Samudra Dev formation VFX scene is also something that deserves a mention for the tremendous Machine Power that might have gone in executing it by the Maya Digital team.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">With Ramayana known for generations as having some of the best visual duels and fight scenes, more could have been done in orchestrating and choreographing the battle scenes..especially the ones in the end. There was some great visual imagery in the form of Ravan’s Lanka kingdom touching the skies and Ayodhya nagari but still too little from a full length movie perspective. Cool gadgets and weapons like Ravan’s Flying Vehicle Pushpak and the telescope vision machine and freaky creatures like the Naag Maata and Sea Creature are also worth mentioning.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">As a whole in the summary it can be said that though the movie has its moments of glory , and definitely a step towards making animation movies more visible in front of the Indian Audience to appreciate - We still await the day when we come across that landmark film which can also gain praises worldwide for that elusive blend of Great Storytelling and High Quality Animation and Art Direction. With Indian Kids and Audience now having instant and regular exposure to all forms of International Quality animation, and with prospects of more and more animation films being made and released in India, lets hope that Indian Animation and VFX studios are raring to go and make the best of the opportunities ahead.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Well, from an Animation artist and technician point of view if this movie can rule the roost of Dussehra time and do good for the makers, then that’s more than said encouragement for the aspiring filmmakers and the deep pocket investors behind them..then may the power be with us -</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Jai Shree Ram! :-)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; color: white; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, 'lucida grande', arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-87593281833711794772010-10-15T02:00:00.001-07:002010-10-15T02:00:51.246-07:00Review Ramayana – The Epic By Komal Nahta | Koimoi.com<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgefuXbxb2Lgc_aCUfJFb7cd0jv6s-1XN9zK38ds1FhkfZKNYABPjOn6UfL6Rtbe095r49WxyiI3wL15lkoeQwtOrHfuIHecLT_VxpvWq7cX0zmtm3JvWTxhDKK-8LLQ2l8ceWcMxhZO5f2/s1600/ramayana_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgefuXbxb2Lgc_aCUfJFb7cd0jv6s-1XN9zK38ds1FhkfZKNYABPjOn6UfL6Rtbe095r49WxyiI3wL15lkoeQwtOrHfuIHecLT_VxpvWq7cX0zmtm3JvWTxhDKK-8LLQ2l8ceWcMxhZO5f2/s320/ramayana_01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;"><br />
</strong></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Star cast</strong>: Animation film with dialogues dubbed by Juhi Chawla, Manoj Bajpayee, Ashutosh Rana, Mukesh Rishi.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Plot</strong>: The story is from the epic Ramayana. It talks about the 14-year exile of Lord Rama; Sita’s kidnap by Ravana; and her ultimate release by Lord Rama with the help of Hanuman.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">What’s Good</strong>: Sets; some part of the animation.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">What’s Bad</strong>: The screenplay; the other part of the animation.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Verdict</strong>: <strong style="font-weight: bold;">Ramayana The Epic</strong> will be an ‘epic’ disaster at the box-office</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="font-weight: bold;">Loo break</strong>: Anytime!</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px;"><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
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Maya Entertainment Ltd.’s <strong style="font-weight: bold;">Ramayana The Epic</strong> is an animation film which talks about the chapter of Lord Rama’s 14-year exile, the kidnap of Sita by Ravana and how Rama, with the help of Hanuman and his army of monkeys, finally rescues Sita from the clutches of Ravana.<span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
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The story is based on the epic, Ramayana. However, Chetan Desai and Rituraj Tripathi’s screenplay is a job childishly done. Although the story has such a lot of drama, excitement and emotions, all of these have been kept out of the screenplay. Frankly, the story unfolds on the screen like an ordinary account devoid of any emotions. Even the dialogues, penned by Rituraj Tripathi, are commonplace and not of the kind befitting an epic story like the Ramayana. Since the story is common knowledge, the presentation should have been mind-blowing if it was to be brought on screen. But the presentation in this case adds nothing to the drama.<span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Dubbing of the animation characters by Manoj Bajpayee (for Lord Rama), Juhi Chawla (Sita), Mukesh Rishi (Hanuman), Ashutosh Rana (Ravana) and Rishabh Shukla (Laxman) is appropriate. However, the animation could’ve been better. Several human animated characters look a bit awkward as their faces look plastered on their bodies without the necks or with disproportionate (small) necks. Otherwise, the animation is fairly nice.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Chetan Desai’s direction looks like a job hurriedly done. Sharang Dev Pandit’s music and Raamendra Tripathi’s lyrics ought to have been far more appealing and inspiring. Priyam Chatterjee’s sets are rich and grand.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">On the whole, <strong style="font-weight: bold;">Ramayana The Epic</strong> lacks entertainment and will go largely unnoticed. Disaster!</div><span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-14202939866845917002010-10-10T02:08:00.000-07:002010-10-10T02:08:45.432-07:00Incredible storytelling, great characters, and exciting battles are just a few of the things that make this fantasy role-playing game so extraordinary.<div style="border: solid #C4C4C4 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"> <div style="border: none; line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: 9.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">When was the last time you felt totally lost in a fantasy gameworld? When was the last time you played a game with such a well-crafted and enjoyable story that you knew you’d remember it for a long, long time? Dragon Age: Origins is that kind of game, so rich and involving that you are powerless to resist its wiles and whims, so touching and triumphant that your mind and heart will be moved. In the fictional <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">land</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Ferelden</st1:placename></st1:place>, you meet memorable characters and fight for a cause you believe in, and it's this backdrop that makes developer BioWare's newest role-playing game so extraordinary. Dragon Age is more than a well-crafted story, however: It's a lengthy, intricate, and thoroughly entertaining adventure that's easy to fall in love with.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border: none; line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: 9.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div><div style="border: solid #C4C4C4 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"> <div style="border: none; line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: 9.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Dragon Age's plot, which deals with the impending invasion of a horde of demonic creatures called the darkspawn, isn't where the story's biggest surprises lie. The shocks, the joys, and the disappointments spring from the repartee among a number of remarkable characters; they lurk within books of lore and stories of martyrs; and they burst forth during spine-tingling moments when you must choose from a selection of difficult choices that affect the tale's direction--and the way your associates interact with you. Ferelden is a colorful and fascinating kingdom that takes enough cues from well-known fantasy tropes to be familiar, but bends enough conventions to feel original. Dragon Age features dwarves, but their caste-based society and the social paragons that rise above it twist the norms enough to keep you intrigued. Mages remain under the constant watch of templars, a restriction that doesn't sit well with those who view such policing as virtual slavery. The role of religion in human circles is of particular note. Chantries provide refuge to those worshiping the all-powerful Maker, and chanters recite the holy word near their houses of prayer. But lest this world sound too serious, don't despair: One such disciple slides food references into her chant, and a few dwarves warn you not to fall into the sky. Small, humorous touches like this are plentiful. Even if you aren't the literary sort, Dragon Age may inspire you to read every note, every character bio, and every creature description, thanks to the richness of the world and the consistency with which it's presented.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border: none; line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: 9.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">You'll learn even more from the companions who join you, and you'll grow to care about them on your quest for glory. There's Morrigan, the cynical apostate mage bound to your cause for reasons that become clear only late in the journey; Sten, the strong, silent type who isn't so quick to reveal his innermost thoughts; and Zevran, a darkly mischievous would-be assassin with a wild streak and a playful disregard for the law. There are others too, including Alistair, a wisecracking, vaguely insecure member of the Grey Wardens, an elite group of champions that recruits you early on. Great dialogue and fantastic voice acting make these characters leap off the screen as if they were real friends, and the way they interact with one another feels authentic. Morrigan and Alistair banter about the role of templars in the lives of mages, and the sweetly devout Leliana tries to communicate with your trusty canine cohort in some amusing exchanges. You may even develop a romance (or two) before all is said and done. The course of love isn't always a smooth one, though it can be a bit steamy, in a PG-13 sort of way.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #656565; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.gamespot.com/pc/rpg/dragonage/images/6238632/1/?path=2009%2F305%2Freviews%2F920668_20091102_embed001.jpg&caption=Uh%2Boh--this%2Bcan%2527t%2Bbe%2Bhealthy.&cvr=6k5."><b><span style="border: solid #C4C4C4 1.0pt; color: #0a5790; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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o:href="http://image.gamespotcdn.net/gamespot/images/2009/305/reviews/920668_20091102_embed002.jpg"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="242" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/sai/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="430" /></span></span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border: solid #C4C4C4 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"> <div align="center" class="embscreencaption" style="border: none; line-height: 10.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"><a href="http://www.gamespot.com/pc/rpg/dragonage/images/6238632/2/?path=2009%2F305%2Freviews%2F920668_20091102_embed002.jpg&caption=Meet%2BMorrigan.%2BSharp%2Btongue%2Bnot%2Bpictured.&cvr=nYj."><b><span style="border: solid #C4C4C4 1.0pt; color: white; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; padding: 0in;">Meet Morrigan. Sharp tongue not pictured.</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border: none; line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: 9.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">You aren't a lone adventurer, however. You can take up to three companions along with you, and eventually you will meet more willing (or unwilling, as the case may be) darkspawn slayers. You can switch out party members back at your camp or in other friendly areas. Party members you don't use will remain at camp, though they thankfully level up even when you don't take them along. Your comrades aren't just AI-controlled henchmen; you can take full control of any party member at any time, though how you do so depends on the platform. PC owners get the most versatile and rewarding experience in this regard. You can zoom the camera in to a close third-person view when exploring and conversing with non-player characters, or pull the camera back to a tactical view, which makes it a breeze to quickly and easily micromanage every spell and attack, in true Baldur's Gate tradition. On consoles, you always view the action from behind a single character, and you use a shoulder button to switch among them. It's a great way of experiencing the buzz of battle, though occasional pathfinding quirks are more apparent in the console versions, simply because you experience the action from a single perspective at a time, rather than while managing four characters simultaneously.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border: none; line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: 9.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">If you've played a BioWare fantasy RPG in the past, you'll feel right at home with the combat system. By clicking on your target or pressing the attack button, you don't just swing a sword, but you approach your target and queue up your attack. Once your party has gained access to a good number of spells, stances, and skills, battlefields explode with bright colors and raucous sound effects, and it's a lot of fun to switch back and forth between party members, managing your abilities and taking advantage of various spell combos to wreak havoc. There are dozens of different types of enemies to slice up, from giant spiders and darkspawn, to ghosts and walking trees, to demons and, of course, dragons. Allies will join you in the biggest battles, and the best of these, particularly those toward the end of the game, are thrilling. On the PC, they're particularly challenging, and many battles benefit from frequent pausing and tactical thinking, so that you can queue up attacks across your entire party. The same battles on consoles are noticeably easier.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="border: none; line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: 9.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border: none; line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: 9.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div style="border: none; line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: 9.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #C4C4C4 .25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">source: internet</span></div></div></div>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-10247872993093335982010-09-27T00:00:00.001-07:002010-09-27T00:00:48.687-07:00Govt. To Shortly Introduce Animation Courses In CBSE Schools says HRD Minister Sibal<div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 23px;"><br />
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</tbody></table><div style="line-height: 15.9pt;"><strong><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">New Delhi:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Ministry of Human Resource Development is likely to introduce a new course of Animation in schools governed by CBSE from + 2 levels as soon as it receives a detailed model for this stream from Bollywood industry which want government to initiate animation courses in all schools and colleges as early as possible, said Mr. Kapil Sibal, Union Minister for HRD.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 15.9pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Inaugurating ASSOCHAM organized 6th Education Seminar-cum-Fair here today, Mr. Sibal pointed out that a delegation of Bollywood called on me to press for introduction of animation courses at all school levels in view of it's demand in film industry.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 15.9pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">"I have asked them to prepare a detailed role model for animation courses that bollywood wants to be taught in schools under CBSE and as soon as it is given to the government, the course would be commenced to serve film industry", said Mr. Sibal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 15.9pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">He emphasized needs for introduction of such skilful and resourceful courses in all CBSE controlled institutions and other colleges also since people with skill are hardly available so that <st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region> is able to successfully absorb shocks of anticipated human resource crisis as Mr. Sibal foresees a great human resource crisis taking <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region> into it's grip.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 15.9pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">If India needs to survive possible foreseen human resources crisis, it has to gear up and prepare itself for which beginning has to be made in schools by imparting skills not only in animation but other such related courses, categorically stated Mr. Sibal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 15.9pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Speaking on macro level of education issues at ASSOCHAM organized event here today, Mr. Sibal allayed all fears that Indian universities and higher education institutions will not face any discrimination of any sort after the Foreign University Bill is enacted as foreign education institutions and domestic academic institutions will be regulated by accredited agencies appointed by the government as per provisions of law.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 15.9pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">He also clarify that the government will make sure that colleges run by private institutions adhere to their disclosure norms as pronounced in the prospectus and in case any discrimination is discovered by the regulator, the institutions guilty of any omission will be prosecuted.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 15.9pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">The Minister said that the Ministry of Human Resource Development will not interfere in any matter relating to private sector education but if established norms are violated, the law will take it's own course and the guilty institutions will be severely dealt with.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="mso-line-height-alt: .75pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Among others who spoke on the occasion comprised UGC Chairman Dr. Sukhadeo Thorat, former Cabinet Secretary, Mr. Surendra Singh, Ambassador of Belarus, Mr. Oleg Laptenok, ASSOCHAM Education Committee Chairman, Mr. Vinay Rai and it's Secretary General, Mr D S Rawat.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="mso-line-height-alt: .75pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="mso-line-height-alt: .75pt;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Source: INTERNET</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-51098109542982200182010-09-25T08:09:00.000-07:002010-09-25T09:06:38.712-07:00commonwealth games..LOOK AT this ones..... THIS IS WHAT WE INDIANS GOT...! BY MY FRIEND VIKRAM SHARMA, AUSTRALIA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq8Z7sHjMizcimhLL-9qNXFESS-wO8ipUgCkEnkMSEIiEBJ3pHwc34ImZuS58fZsvdisxQFi2QVN7P75a2s5Z1cWivxF0Q3agTsd0sdWvvreD4KpXxIXO0_FtGsmtELd516J4BplyFjNUk/s1600/images+(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq8Z7sHjMizcimhLL-9qNXFESS-wO8ipUgCkEnkMSEIiEBJ3pHwc34ImZuS58fZsvdisxQFi2QVN7P75a2s5Z1cWivxF0Q3agTsd0sdWvvreD4KpXxIXO0_FtGsmtELd516J4BplyFjNUk/s1600/images+(2).jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">ATITHI DEVOH BHAVAH: </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">On Behalf Of My Country I welcome All Foreigners To Our Prestigious Mother Land.... "INDIA"... To Make CWG A Success Full Event.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">GO DELHI GO.... LETS SPORTS WIN........</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEDQmWHvaZKPQvmnrZwngdD0lbVSsz_vG9BgAFxk-EbB7EBPLyjeP5-ZEOrjCFCHA_nmV5gX3vXlubrFHBcExVBieu7pNgbdsj5UNyHpuTJCCt565O-LJKqmmS5n501TzvmeXDvwJAB4ZU/s1600/shera.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEDQmWHvaZKPQvmnrZwngdD0lbVSsz_vG9BgAFxk-EbB7EBPLyjeP5-ZEOrjCFCHA_nmV5gX3vXlubrFHBcExVBieu7pNgbdsj5UNyHpuTJCCt565O-LJKqmmS5n501TzvmeXDvwJAB4ZU/s320/shera.gif" width="151" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">hello friends.... </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">i hope you all knows me.... my name is shera and i welcome you all in INDIA for a Successful event .......</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">and i also request to all my friends who said not to come at games because of diseases .PLZ VISIT.....AND come on india help us to make COMMONWEALTH GAMES DELHI 2010 A Successful event.. </div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYZl8Q7KrzIKh4QDkmjwAUlT-nSnAWrcoGkCtvGansZ4rlIGG6QszbMCdoX-hn_CsgKAPY5rMFb7H_8NiIINkQE1w-5l_rvILr8aY1y7vooB46hMojN23dfdHyIoJhL6Gv2TG2kzSl2CHF/s1600/commonwealth-games-2010-logo-mascot-shera.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYZl8Q7KrzIKh4QDkmjwAUlT-nSnAWrcoGkCtvGansZ4rlIGG6QszbMCdoX-hn_CsgKAPY5rMFb7H_8NiIINkQE1w-5l_rvILr8aY1y7vooB46hMojN23dfdHyIoJhL6Gv2TG2kzSl2CHF/s320/commonwealth-games-2010-logo-mascot-shera.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">FACT ABOUT SHERA:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"></span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Shera, mascot of the XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi, is the most visible face of the XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi. His name comes from the Hindi word Sher – meaning tiger. Shera truly represents the modern Indian. He is an achiever with a positive attitude, a global citizen but justifiably proud of his nation’s ancient heritage, a fierce competitor but with integrity and honesty. Shera is also a ‘large-hearted gentleman’ who loves making friends and enthusing people to ‘come out and play’.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">In Indian mythology, the tiger is associated with Goddess Durga, the embodiment of Shakti (or female power) and the vanquisher of evil. She rides her powerful vehicle – the tiger – into combat, especially in her epic and victorious battle against Mahishasur, a dreaded demon.</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.7em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Shera embodies values that the nation is proud of: majesty, power, charisma, intelligence and grace. His athletic prowess, courage and speed on the field are legendary. He is also a reminder of the fragile environment he lives in and our responsibility towards the protection of his ecosystem.</div><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3wJBN6MmjVpO2SLradyp3eUu089O0TiFOCemOlLEOKsX_9J7iSXUWkzuIUExcxmtr1w1v551w2k6Kks6-P55F5Bm2KJg4uWyDwVkPXmH91tabj0-L3tv1xLJfwksd7tDrZnNlyg-GkkKu/s1600/football.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3wJBN6MmjVpO2SLradyp3eUu089O0TiFOCemOlLEOKsX_9J7iSXUWkzuIUExcxmtr1w1v551w2k6Kks6-P55F5Bm2KJg4uWyDwVkPXmH91tabj0-L3tv1xLJfwksd7tDrZnNlyg-GkkKu/s320/football.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3wJBN6MmjVpO2SLradyp3eUu089O0TiFOCemOlLEOKsX_9J7iSXUWkzuIUExcxmtr1w1v551w2k6Kks6-P55F5Bm2KJg4uWyDwVkPXmH91tabj0-L3tv1xLJfwksd7tDrZnNlyg-GkkKu/s1600/football.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>STADIUM</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Y_ueq7ZyTIlxq9I0pE-pWLL5GDpKx0mry2E4vj1AUHoI_bblR1UXpzpyp_1vlivBnNP3crPGPVvPlkooVFUyD8mOm-8EO9xSfSPo7Qp7VJ_VVBhws8T_KrZGYnBMe4fLEhQJ9f_KRQgo/s1600/outside2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Y_ueq7ZyTIlxq9I0pE-pWLL5GDpKx0mry2E4vj1AUHoI_bblR1UXpzpyp_1vlivBnNP3crPGPVvPlkooVFUyD8mOm-8EO9xSfSPo7Qp7VJ_VVBhws8T_KrZGYnBMe4fLEhQJ9f_KRQgo/s320/outside2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Y_ueq7ZyTIlxq9I0pE-pWLL5GDpKx0mry2E4vj1AUHoI_bblR1UXpzpyp_1vlivBnNP3crPGPVvPlkooVFUyD8mOm-8EO9xSfSPo7Qp7VJ_VVBhws8T_KrZGYnBMe4fLEhQJ9f_KRQgo/s1600/outside2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>OUTSIDE STADIUM</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_kR7cDLcUd2nYYZNQONuXSd8FGAYm5IFSMUugdtPkJNyVQV4UDRJVmPGlGymnNmnY_Gml_QZR9vGqNPHv4UP2tDqQINe5XueT7VPc6B0-crvMby-EY_kx7H3rHEgGUnqulbGr0MCylIns/s1600/outside.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_kR7cDLcUd2nYYZNQONuXSd8FGAYm5IFSMUugdtPkJNyVQV4UDRJVmPGlGymnNmnY_Gml_QZR9vGqNPHv4UP2tDqQINe5XueT7VPc6B0-crvMby-EY_kx7H3rHEgGUnqulbGr0MCylIns/s320/outside.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_kR7cDLcUd2nYYZNQONuXSd8FGAYm5IFSMUugdtPkJNyVQV4UDRJVmPGlGymnNmnY_Gml_QZR9vGqNPHv4UP2tDqQINe5XueT7VPc6B0-crvMby-EY_kx7H3rHEgGUnqulbGr0MCylIns/s1600/outside.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>OUTSIDE STADIUM 2</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibhhJKcycVb3y5Nci5nmo1RWOAr2mDFRycp7wLcVovyNm5pMMrfcxBkstXZhALpKbEOXzYLh-dl_Y3yi2xujUyboa4m7IOaNWUCFYX-w7gDn8Rqk015nabj04-3O8CO_fziLbamaDqtW_H/s1600/practice+swim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibhhJKcycVb3y5Nci5nmo1RWOAr2mDFRycp7wLcVovyNm5pMMrfcxBkstXZhALpKbEOXzYLh-dl_Y3yi2xujUyboa4m7IOaNWUCFYX-w7gDn8Rqk015nabj04-3O8CO_fziLbamaDqtW_H/s320/practice+swim.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibhhJKcycVb3y5Nci5nmo1RWOAr2mDFRycp7wLcVovyNm5pMMrfcxBkstXZhALpKbEOXzYLh-dl_Y3yi2xujUyboa4m7IOaNWUCFYX-w7gDn8Rqk015nabj04-3O8CO_fziLbamaDqtW_H/s1600/practice+swim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>SWIM TRIAL</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgJuUeX2qEAf5iYT1zZ2SvUzkfoKDoZtcBDXDbNp0kQBTlT2eOeCptvPdZTzQFEn1DJ3yhE5DE6vSyphBOSmT6SgGdwT1XLRwIyJHVOHD3FjANMDazfLJYKpgspNNPIw4DcqSCok7PhneS/s1600/practice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgJuUeX2qEAf5iYT1zZ2SvUzkfoKDoZtcBDXDbNp0kQBTlT2eOeCptvPdZTzQFEn1DJ3yhE5DE6vSyphBOSmT6SgGdwT1XLRwIyJHVOHD3FjANMDazfLJYKpgspNNPIw4DcqSCok7PhneS/s320/practice.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgJuUeX2qEAf5iYT1zZ2SvUzkfoKDoZtcBDXDbNp0kQBTlT2eOeCptvPdZTzQFEn1DJ3yhE5DE6vSyphBOSmT6SgGdwT1XLRwIyJHVOHD3FjANMDazfLJYKpgspNNPIw4DcqSCok7PhneS/s1600/practice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>RACING TRIAL</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9iXCO3Fc3q9VRifvWE4fDyy74olV_dY9zo5ebd37s5O2SGebKImn8AjvBxNEi6i-YNPzVacqwpzYGIayt_N0_ClmFC93wzPkKHrfCn2m228I888DQhxMcnCLSY8GE5B4__O1FMCjvLuOi/s1600/racing+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9iXCO3Fc3q9VRifvWE4fDyy74olV_dY9zo5ebd37s5O2SGebKImn8AjvBxNEi6i-YNPzVacqwpzYGIayt_N0_ClmFC93wzPkKHrfCn2m228I888DQhxMcnCLSY8GE5B4__O1FMCjvLuOi/s320/racing+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9iXCO3Fc3q9VRifvWE4fDyy74olV_dY9zo5ebd37s5O2SGebKImn8AjvBxNEi6i-YNPzVacqwpzYGIayt_N0_ClmFC93wzPkKHrfCn2m228I888DQhxMcnCLSY8GE5B4__O1FMCjvLuOi/s1600/racing+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>RACING TRIAL 2</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcsRiWjl6LLBAzh4EP3_FlH57Zk-4O6C7IrhXwBuZXugotP0k99KtdI0iPrpZ-HlgNn_N7MuM1y_Rg5RvVnk0_4DP7Zs59pTKyoYeYmF2j5z_lvFNfpO36BSskMNtUYgl8tXcAe7L4QXul/s1600/racing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcsRiWjl6LLBAzh4EP3_FlH57Zk-4O6C7IrhXwBuZXugotP0k99KtdI0iPrpZ-HlgNn_N7MuM1y_Rg5RvVnk0_4DP7Zs59pTKyoYeYmF2j5z_lvFNfpO36BSskMNtUYgl8tXcAe7L4QXul/s320/racing.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcsRiWjl6LLBAzh4EP3_FlH57Zk-4O6C7IrhXwBuZXugotP0k99KtdI0iPrpZ-HlgNn_N7MuM1y_Rg5RvVnk0_4DP7Zs59pTKyoYeYmF2j5z_lvFNfpO36BSskMNtUYgl8tXcAe7L4QXul/s1600/racing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>RACING TRIAL 3</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEXBiz3h49x1sfRqda03zGJruph1bqboue06KOWB_aLpPLiFPXcNlM61hxYekA66i4URMxh1nfvOEwfawQeTjU2Mdq6yuo65LqM3vstH77NcPc5t_M7Ihlguxs-KsXibdMUGfngXvN4Ol9/s1600/shooting+range.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEXBiz3h49x1sfRqda03zGJruph1bqboue06KOWB_aLpPLiFPXcNlM61hxYekA66i4URMxh1nfvOEwfawQeTjU2Mdq6yuo65LqM3vstH77NcPc5t_M7Ihlguxs-KsXibdMUGfngXvN4Ol9/s320/shooting+range.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEXBiz3h49x1sfRqda03zGJruph1bqboue06KOWB_aLpPLiFPXcNlM61hxYekA66i4URMxh1nfvOEwfawQeTjU2Mdq6yuo65LqM3vstH77NcPc5t_M7Ihlguxs-KsXibdMUGfngXvN4Ol9/s1600/shooting+range.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>SHOOTING TRIAL</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgILnM2aLO8DxXv4Fl5nlAnBmGvsuRgqMoVb_R-v8bS24w-gNMLIFe8WWqQUoUbaAJehOaa3_kTCeIxZ2KCr31VVkzAiCnP2YKk70eeNh7NS5WjoT8A11kOPjSGItbjED5mt0MOJMNRZTs/s1600/skating+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgILnM2aLO8DxXv4Fl5nlAnBmGvsuRgqMoVb_R-v8bS24w-gNMLIFe8WWqQUoUbaAJehOaa3_kTCeIxZ2KCr31VVkzAiCnP2YKk70eeNh7NS5WjoT8A11kOPjSGItbjED5mt0MOJMNRZTs/s320/skating+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgILnM2aLO8DxXv4Fl5nlAnBmGvsuRgqMoVb_R-v8bS24w-gNMLIFe8WWqQUoUbaAJehOaa3_kTCeIxZ2KCr31VVkzAiCnP2YKk70eeNh7NS5WjoT8A11kOPjSGItbjED5mt0MOJMNRZTs/s1600/skating+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>SKATE</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifi406MLHqWxD1n8u9COD0jG6wWoT62DRDVZpKli0fY4guWTnIyuWsK0Hxo74KKUJAzRoKbvZxFMhh6h46DTl92LMN3rutYYDikHeoY1bFZFtZTw3un2QIRH_n96FVK28IqqeizllpKJfA/s1600/skating.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifi406MLHqWxD1n8u9COD0jG6wWoT62DRDVZpKli0fY4guWTnIyuWsK0Hxo74KKUJAzRoKbvZxFMhh6h46DTl92LMN3rutYYDikHeoY1bFZFtZTw3un2QIRH_n96FVK28IqqeizllpKJfA/s320/skating.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifi406MLHqWxD1n8u9COD0jG6wWoT62DRDVZpKli0fY4guWTnIyuWsK0Hxo74KKUJAzRoKbvZxFMhh6h46DTl92LMN3rutYYDikHeoY1bFZFtZTw3un2QIRH_n96FVK28IqqeizllpKJfA/s1600/skating.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>SKATE</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPGBLeqPXVhDUY-QDhEYKPTRzp2KpJj0dgN86K6R7F9vjuO5xr9ocayiRUt51D8Z3otHvZ6RfgQjt5UtF3BPiaQQYoRzkb1ixLq0oxHv5dyJYzJjCZDFeG0xZisPRDwpwVclEjfxtr4Ddl/s1600/swimming+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPGBLeqPXVhDUY-QDhEYKPTRzp2KpJj0dgN86K6R7F9vjuO5xr9ocayiRUt51D8Z3otHvZ6RfgQjt5UtF3BPiaQQYoRzkb1ixLq0oxHv5dyJYzJjCZDFeG0xZisPRDwpwVclEjfxtr4Ddl/s320/swimming+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPGBLeqPXVhDUY-QDhEYKPTRzp2KpJj0dgN86K6R7F9vjuO5xr9ocayiRUt51D8Z3otHvZ6RfgQjt5UtF3BPiaQQYoRzkb1ixLq0oxHv5dyJYzJjCZDFeG0xZisPRDwpwVclEjfxtr4Ddl/s1600/swimming+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>SWIM TRIAL</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXan5Hrnhr1av4KH8pehIjXeR8324eZGDqYREeDujAQclJJ_jUy5G_Ex8SW3_ORU7ZRz7sE0a9-mF6VpkQHaLrdT5Ks9aifoBiBuzNeUcfzr1oDtJtEvrl9JRvPM2a6aEhbrvuDpWSPbPI/s1600/swimming.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXan5Hrnhr1av4KH8pehIjXeR8324eZGDqYREeDujAQclJJ_jUy5G_Ex8SW3_ORU7ZRz7sE0a9-mF6VpkQHaLrdT5Ks9aifoBiBuzNeUcfzr1oDtJtEvrl9JRvPM2a6aEhbrvuDpWSPbPI/s320/swimming.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXan5Hrnhr1av4KH8pehIjXeR8324eZGDqYREeDujAQclJJ_jUy5G_Ex8SW3_ORU7ZRz7sE0a9-mF6VpkQHaLrdT5Ks9aifoBiBuzNeUcfzr1oDtJtEvrl9JRvPM2a6aEhbrvuDpWSPbPI/s1600/swimming.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>SWIM TRIAL</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhueHpvQmPk6zttCOlH_vst1x2AK-Djta7nB1dTA_z_XxApjybk2oGkBKen-fCwBW2AQ56cMKyn-IRfU3NRuENyqr4Xw_b3c0ReEuxXum9kE9Bl0p16V8WtWkRhkAXooc-9JOlgBsurkJ_u/s1600/tennis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhueHpvQmPk6zttCOlH_vst1x2AK-Djta7nB1dTA_z_XxApjybk2oGkBKen-fCwBW2AQ56cMKyn-IRfU3NRuENyqr4Xw_b3c0ReEuxXum9kE9Bl0p16V8WtWkRhkAXooc-9JOlgBsurkJ_u/s320/tennis.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhueHpvQmPk6zttCOlH_vst1x2AK-Djta7nB1dTA_z_XxApjybk2oGkBKen-fCwBW2AQ56cMKyn-IRfU3NRuENyqr4Xw_b3c0ReEuxXum9kE9Bl0p16V8WtWkRhkAXooc-9JOlgBsurkJ_u/s1600/tennis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>TENNIS</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKA4eQSOZY7ave2JQOj-NT-z8Frz-8dxXZkFORG8Yn6gGmCsKNg2p_x-WdYwCTIHmWcRNKZjDntaGmyMQJ-f8PMfMPWLwalq0jI2zwmedyHcIsHVTWOpIZZumJ51J5zfMYfaQUas3m59nz/s1600/tents+teriasl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKA4eQSOZY7ave2JQOj-NT-z8Frz-8dxXZkFORG8Yn6gGmCsKNg2p_x-WdYwCTIHmWcRNKZjDntaGmyMQJ-f8PMfMPWLwalq0jI2zwmedyHcIsHVTWOpIZZumJ51J5zfMYfaQUas3m59nz/s320/tents+teriasl.jpg" width="214" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKA4eQSOZY7ave2JQOj-NT-z8Frz-8dxXZkFORG8Yn6gGmCsKNg2p_x-WdYwCTIHmWcRNKZjDntaGmyMQJ-f8PMfMPWLwalq0jI2zwmedyHcIsHVTWOpIZZumJ51J5zfMYfaQUas3m59nz/s1600/tents+teriasl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>INDIA ....GO INDIA GO</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT4c4J2e78yc9ybI01KjfnRzj-Bg6FMM7E-9T7Olu3SJe9Q9zF1_junjMvDDsVFnjFI4H2Ar_i3YfNcZfUNqO-AKpqcqnir-RNYZbPRfjaOEdpUNAxQFshAsz4dOLNgV5vyz_p5KmXjBpK/s1600/tents.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT4c4J2e78yc9ybI01KjfnRzj-Bg6FMM7E-9T7Olu3SJe9Q9zF1_junjMvDDsVFnjFI4H2Ar_i3YfNcZfUNqO-AKpqcqnir-RNYZbPRfjaOEdpUNAxQFshAsz4dOLNgV5vyz_p5KmXjBpK/s320/tents.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT4c4J2e78yc9ybI01KjfnRzj-Bg6FMM7E-9T7Olu3SJe9Q9zF1_junjMvDDsVFnjFI4H2Ar_i3YfNcZfUNqO-AKpqcqnir-RNYZbPRfjaOEdpUNAxQFshAsz4dOLNgV5vyz_p5KmXjBpK/s1600/tents.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>CLEAN STADIUM</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Ri84Pbkh4evZpnCwnBMTlbjDr3rYQuaulI153RTNMHkkEtFHRcpGoS3q8k2pKlGU6_V5rzoDinUxBYO21V7Ua_BFhyIt4y7MhlYjiTZLzjnpgmLIUyC80GAdjcoEks4pc07REAHAHgNP/s1600/tt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Ri84Pbkh4evZpnCwnBMTlbjDr3rYQuaulI153RTNMHkkEtFHRcpGoS3q8k2pKlGU6_V5rzoDinUxBYO21V7Ua_BFhyIt4y7MhlYjiTZLzjnpgmLIUyC80GAdjcoEks4pc07REAHAHgNP/s320/tt.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Ri84Pbkh4evZpnCwnBMTlbjDr3rYQuaulI153RTNMHkkEtFHRcpGoS3q8k2pKlGU6_V5rzoDinUxBYO21V7Ua_BFhyIt4y7MhlYjiTZLzjnpgmLIUyC80GAdjcoEks4pc07REAHAHgNP/s1600/tt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>TABLE TENNIS</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibUt38UIPBG69b8XOTf_DAEfx5tf2LmPoHetkPHUJjP8DYZhaErpONimLv_fwNnHOcvgYKQIHuPNFFDN0vLgNlL-X4KkuEfbVwM1eyIV_9KhXhwaTbxpTFKmrCingfvYVp124tKd8k-JOV/s1600/weight+trial.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibUt38UIPBG69b8XOTf_DAEfx5tf2LmPoHetkPHUJjP8DYZhaErpONimLv_fwNnHOcvgYKQIHuPNFFDN0vLgNlL-X4KkuEfbVwM1eyIV_9KhXhwaTbxpTFKmrCingfvYVp124tKd8k-JOV/s320/weight+trial.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibUt38UIPBG69b8XOTf_DAEfx5tf2LmPoHetkPHUJjP8DYZhaErpONimLv_fwNnHOcvgYKQIHuPNFFDN0vLgNlL-X4KkuEfbVwM1eyIV_9KhXhwaTbxpTFKmrCingfvYVp124tKd8k-JOV/s1600/weight+trial.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>WEIGHTLIFT TRIAL</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTNEBpLC-tkx-z6p2ioqtBmrcnZMlVtAgraZP5Ck97QBAB1iItzTLdI-SGP7YRCm84hFmIIRfMhTMoY-RqsmKZ6MfO1Y6J1T3dfMvZ8mSYqmvayTTXJddIUPMWcxRgmqB28awuqbANsXpr/s1600/wrestling+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTNEBpLC-tkx-z6p2ioqtBmrcnZMlVtAgraZP5Ck97QBAB1iItzTLdI-SGP7YRCm84hFmIIRfMhTMoY-RqsmKZ6MfO1Y6J1T3dfMvZ8mSYqmvayTTXJddIUPMWcxRgmqB28awuqbANsXpr/s320/wrestling+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTNEBpLC-tkx-z6p2ioqtBmrcnZMlVtAgraZP5Ck97QBAB1iItzTLdI-SGP7YRCm84hFmIIRfMhTMoY-RqsmKZ6MfO1Y6J1T3dfMvZ8mSYqmvayTTXJddIUPMWcxRgmqB28awuqbANsXpr/s1600/wrestling+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>WRESTLING</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-jkKOjh1NnggsH4GOSK7etNimmd7MEhpV4Bc_6j8uRQZPut0N2PSugeUWRVgdo10VuSm7A1f36SzK3DeCYvQeUfZh6MTGlb2ADTkg-WxpEUGinuDygQ36USe1aDB64HewKe5XU3njrH0w/s1600/wrestling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-jkKOjh1NnggsH4GOSK7etNimmd7MEhpV4Bc_6j8uRQZPut0N2PSugeUWRVgdo10VuSm7A1f36SzK3DeCYvQeUfZh6MTGlb2ADTkg-WxpEUGinuDygQ36USe1aDB64HewKe5XU3njrH0w/s320/wrestling.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-jkKOjh1NnggsH4GOSK7etNimmd7MEhpV4Bc_6j8uRQZPut0N2PSugeUWRVgdo10VuSm7A1f36SzK3DeCYvQeUfZh6MTGlb2ADTkg-WxpEUGinuDygQ36USe1aDB64HewKe5XU3njrH0w/s1600/wrestling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>WRESTLING</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoLnx6ixS_F4QyT4x0Pr-V14DWzbpC2XCZ1qJ6hW5XyR4LpEwT2j4E0KEvGBh1RvarClqNer7ERNVRY0CVD851o1Th8xdhJr5GZ_8U8VsA06SkKpydHRRsxJ8rLzRsEPZd7iEetp-abwkj/s1600/badminton+court.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoLnx6ixS_F4QyT4x0Pr-V14DWzbpC2XCZ1qJ6hW5XyR4LpEwT2j4E0KEvGBh1RvarClqNer7ERNVRY0CVD851o1Th8xdhJr5GZ_8U8VsA06SkKpydHRRsxJ8rLzRsEPZd7iEetp-abwkj/s320/badminton+court.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoLnx6ixS_F4QyT4x0Pr-V14DWzbpC2XCZ1qJ6hW5XyR4LpEwT2j4E0KEvGBh1RvarClqNer7ERNVRY0CVD851o1Th8xdhJr5GZ_8U8VsA06SkKpydHRRsxJ8rLzRsEPZd7iEetp-abwkj/s1600/badminton+court.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>LETS SPORT WIN....</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGWJoYIni41TPPowMFMb-FafQwK5keZdlcHAIwIclsEJHpk0N3k-rIyWzFzLo_7Jh_N6QlT6b3w4ytkiiT_HVDE1Mcl1O3dhQX8ChbrZ8s5l5wMCBXS9vhLYAI0NJaV34Cp55s2YJp2id9/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGWJoYIni41TPPowMFMb-FafQwK5keZdlcHAIwIclsEJHpk0N3k-rIyWzFzLo_7Jh_N6QlT6b3w4ytkiiT_HVDE1Mcl1O3dhQX8ChbrZ8s5l5wMCBXS9vhLYAI0NJaV34Cp55s2YJp2id9/s320/2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGWJoYIni41TPPowMFMb-FafQwK5keZdlcHAIwIclsEJHpk0N3k-rIyWzFzLo_7Jh_N6QlT6b3w4ytkiiT_HVDE1Mcl1O3dhQX8ChbrZ8s5l5wMCBXS9vhLYAI0NJaV34Cp55s2YJp2id9/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>STADIUM</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> INFO COLLECTED BY:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">VIKRAM SHARMA,AUSTRALIA</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">RAHUL SINGH, BLOG WRITER</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">CWG OFFICIAL SITE: <a href="http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/">http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/spectator_guide">http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/spectator_guide</a> follow it for some important notes...</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/competition_schedule">http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/competition_schedule</a> follow it for matches schedule.......</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/sports">http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/sports</a> follow it for your favourite sports...</div>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-69813446351034927322010-09-24T22:40:00.000-07:002010-09-24T22:45:44.620-07:00Atithi Devoh Bhavah....<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn3kzQiScEHrGGKtlVtno7nCAkUqLbxt5hoxXNH-LIsjt9eH_8KKAjUbRtYk9sq-o-myAAtC4_qqvi8weLr7q09eL3UzY-oMvB7yS6aVsYoPxw5twDiCYS-u-GCoxv7zGRXoYGtJIklL8/s1600/atithi.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 218px; height: 167px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn3kzQiScEHrGGKtlVtno7nCAkUqLbxt5hoxXNH-LIsjt9eH_8KKAjUbRtYk9sq-o-myAAtC4_qqvi8weLr7q09eL3UzY-oMvB7yS6aVsYoPxw5twDiCYS-u-GCoxv7zGRXoYGtJIklL8/s320/atithi.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5520723083490093058" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><h3 class="UIIntentionalStory_Message" ft="{"type":"msg"}" style="font-size: 13px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; "><span class="UIStory_Message">Atithi Devoh Bhavah....<br /><br />On Behalf Of My Country I welcome All Foreigners To Our Prestigious Mother Land.... "INDIA"... To Make CWG A Success Full Event.</span></h3></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-33751632052856987942010-09-21T04:23:00.001-07:002010-09-21T04:23:40.805-07:00Beginning Drawing<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div><b><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">LINE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Line as an Element of Design<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pass out handout with definitions and examples culled from a dozen books and websites.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Talk about elements of design, introduce concept and list the elements. Warn the students that this will come up later.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Focus on line, and start to show examples.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Use Manet as an example of psychic lines or lines of composition.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Use Alphonse Mucha as an example of a master of Line. Point out how the line thickness changes. Use this to introduce...<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Positive and Negative Space<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From Mucha's examples, go to general discussion of positive and negative space.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Use photo examples of depth-of-field for one example.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sketch out an example of the next practice drawing, explainign the concepts as you go.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hands-On Practice<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Set up a fairly complicated still-life. Houseplants are great for this one.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Show how the contours for positive and negative space differ from the contours we drew last month.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Once the students get the concept, have them draw the houseplant still-life, darawing only the contours dividing positive from negative space. It should, essentially, be a silhouette of the still-life.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While they're drawing, check the students work to make sure they're getting it. One-on-one work may be necessary, and a few more examples may be needed. If they are really having trouble with the concept, don't worry too much, because we'll be coming back to this concept later in the year, and can do more work on it then.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(If it is important that they take home a finished, show-off-able piece, make sure they finish the contours, and then paint either the positive or the negative space black, to create acomplex, interesting looking silhouette.)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul></ul></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Getting the Most Out of a Pencil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencil Control<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sharp points - fine lines, clean, very little smudging, but... can damage the paper, hard to erase, if the point breaks, you've got shrapnel doing inexpected things<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">broad edge - wide, emotional lines - blend and smudge easily - can have a calligraphic feel<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">rounded tip - rough, wider lines, blend easily, easiest to erase, doesn't damage paper<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">light sketching lines for maximum erasability<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">starting and stopping lines - takeoff and touchdown versus hard-stop, and how it impacts line quality and blending<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">smudging with tortillons<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">review - why you never smudge with your fingers!<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pressure and darkness -- it's so easy to take for granted, but what is the actual range of the pencil you're using?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hands-On Practice<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Have the students draw a small image four times - once with a very sharp point, once with a broad edge, once with a rounded sketching pencil (normal weight), and once with a rounded sketching pencil at sketching weight.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Have the students look at the differences in the quality and impact of each style.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Then have them run the eraser lightly through the middle of each image, and harder along one edge of each image. See how easy or difficult it is to erase each type of pencil mark. Make sure to point out the sharp edge of a broad stroke made with a sharp tip.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Have them label each of these, and take notes for later reference.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Do a 'fur' stroke exercise to see the difference with starting and stopping methods.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Have them try smudging some light sketching strokes. Then have them try smudging the four images they did a few minutes ago, to see how those different strokes behave under the blending stump.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Have them create a smooth gradient, about an inch wide, from darkest at one edge to lightest at the other.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Look for really smooth, consistent gradation. Make sure they're getting true darks and lights.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Show them the difference between a 4H and a 6B pencil as a preview of one of the future lessons.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencil Techniques<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using Ye Classic Sphere as an example, show the students the basics of chiaroscuro (will get to spend whole days on just this subject later on, so no need to pound it hard today -- just focus on the shading techniques themselves)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now, set up a still life. It needs to be a simple object, with a smooth, opaque, non-shiny surface, all one neutral color, and set up a single strong light source. Perhaps I can make some simple grey paper shapes, like cones and cubes.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hands-On Practice<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Light sketching - technichally this isn't a shading technique, but I really want to make sure the students get some practice doing this, since it will be so essential in future lessons. Have the students sketch the object using light shading lines. Check to make sure they aren't denting the paper or making lines that are too dark.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Parallel lines - have the students shade the object using parallel lines. Since this is pencil, have them show that they can affect the shade by changing the pressure of the line, as well as the density of the lines.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Crosshatching - have the students shade the object using crosshatching. Make them use parallel hatches, and not zig-zag hatches. Show how zig-zaggy lines look darker at the edges then they do in the middle.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stippling - have the students shade the object using stippling. Not too much pressure, or they'll shatter their pencil points and gouge the paper. Not too quickly, or they'll have small strokes instead of dots, and uneven coverage. Slow and steady provides the best results. Most of the students will find this to be maddeningly slow and tedious... may want to pass out Ellen Million's article on stippling, since it's such a great explanation and example of its uses.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Criss-cross hatching - have the students shade the object using the random-axis criss-cross hatching. Point out that this is another way of using parallel lines, but that they get to mix up the direction.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contour Shading - have the students shade the object usinglines that follow the contours of the object. look for an understanding of the object's topography, and show them several ways you could 'map' an object.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Scribbly lines - have the students shade the object using loose, squiggly lines. Show them the difference between different kinds of squiggles, from wibbles to spirals.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul></ul>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-11727470473667124482010-09-21T04:20:00.003-07:002010-09-21T04:20:53.430-07:00Better English speaking skills<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 16.85pt; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000099;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 26px;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> <br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><b>Improving your English speaking skills</b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">will help you communicate more easily and</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">effectively. But how do you become a more confident English speaker?</span><br />
<br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><b>Practice where you can, when you can</b>. Any practice is good - whether you speak</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">to someone who is a native English speaker or not.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><b>It's important to build your confidence</b>. If possible, use simple English sentence</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">structure that you know is correct, so that you can concentrate on getting your</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">message across.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><b>Try to experiment with the English you know</b>. Use words and phrases you know</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">in new situations. Native English speakers are more likely to correct you if you use</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">the wrong word than if you use the wrong grammar. Experimenting with vocabulary</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">is a really good way of getting feedback.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><b>Try to respond to what people say to you</b>. You can often get clues to what</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">people think by looking at their body</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><a href="http://cbse-sample-papers.blogspot.com/2009/01/better-english-speaking-skills.html##" target="undefined"><span class="klink"><span style="color: #0000c8;">language</span></span></a>. Respond to them in a natural way.</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Try NOT to translate into and from your own language. This takes too much time</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">and will make you more hesitant.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="apple-style-span">If you forget a word,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><b>do what native English speakers do</b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">all the time, and say</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">things that 'fill' the conversation. This is better than keeping completely silent. Try</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">using um, or er, if you forget the word.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><b>Don't speak too fast!</b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">It's important to use a natural rhythm when speaking English,</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">but if you speak too fast it will be difficult for people to understand you.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><b>Try to relax when you speak</b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">- you'll find your mouth does most of the pronunciation</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">work for you. When you</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><a href="http://cbse-sample-papers.blogspot.com/2009/01/better-english-speaking-skills.html##" target="undefined"><span class="klink"><span style="color: #0000c8;">speak</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #0000c8;"> </span></span><span class="klink"><span style="color: #0000c8;">English</span></span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">at normal speed, you'll discover that many of</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">the pronunciation skills, such as linking between words, will happen automatically.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
</span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 19.5pt;">Remember, when speaking English…</span></b></span><span style="color: #555555; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Try to become less hesitant and more confident.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="apple-style-span"><b>Don't be shy to speak</b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">- the more you do it, the more confident you'll become.</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Remember to be polite - use "please" and "thank you" if you ask someone to do</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">something for you.</span></span></div>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-26998447907856728392010-09-20T06:37:00.000-07:002010-09-20T06:41:03.199-07:00Career in animation - Jobs Opportunities - Institutions and fee<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Animation industry in India is growing and there are many job opportunities for you in this industry. If we talk about the salary don’t worry its also very nice.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Lets talk something about animation:</b> Animation is rapid display of a sequence of images of 2D or 3D model. In the beginning there was 2d animation and there were simple techniques and process for that. There are many types of animation forms like video animations and motion pictures etc. Now a days animation has become an important part of each and every industry specially of the entertainment industry. Each and every industry requires animation these days.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Job Opportunities:</b> As it has become the requirement of each and every industry so there are numbers of job opportunities for you with high salary packages.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Eligibility & Requirements:</b> There are some points that you need not have to become a good animator.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">You need drawing skills, creativity, good imagination, visualization, observation and strong determination. For bachelor degree in animation you need to have 12th standard certification from any recognized board with minimum of 45% marks and for For postgraduate program you need to have bachelor degree, preferably arts with basic understandings and knowledge.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Course fee and duration:</b> There are some good institutions for animation learning for example Arena Multimedia, Maya Academy of Advanced Cinematics (MAAC), NIIT national institute of information technology and Tekno Point Multimedia, ICAT, ZECA (ZEDCA) etc. Here are institution names and their websites:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Name Website</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Arena Multimedia www.arena-multimedia.com</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">National Institute of Design www.nid.edu.com</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Zee Institute of Creative Arts www.zica.org</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">RAI University www.raiuniversity.edu</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">ANIMASTER www.animaster.com</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Maya Academy of Advanced Cinematics www.maacindia.com</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Academy of Digital Arts and Communication www.killickchallenger.com</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">TOONZ Animation India Pvt Ltd. www.toonzanimationindia.com</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">IIT Mumbai and Guwahati</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">S<b>ome government institutions:</b> The Birla Institute of Technology (deemed university), The National Institute of Design (NID), The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Course duration of fee:</b> The course duration and fee for animation course vary as per the institution. if you want to get degree from well and good institution than the full course fee would be around 1lacs or more.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-large;">THE ANIMATION IS ONLY FOR THOSE WHO WANTS TO BE SUCCESS....! THE CREATIVITY POWER SHOULD BE BEST AND CANDIDATE SHOULD HAVE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING ABOUT GRAPHICS AND ROLE OF IMAGINATION. </span>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-83373922401500823462010-09-20T00:09:00.001-07:002010-09-20T00:09:48.728-07:00RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-21366033332573975762010-09-19T23:36:00.000-07:002010-09-19T23:36:56.504-07:00A Preview of the 3D Process<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">The process of creating in 3D requires that you model or shape objects in a scene, give<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">them color and light, and render them through a virtual camera to make an image. In<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">essence, you create a scene that tells the computer what objects are where, what colors<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">and textures they have, what lighting there is, and what camera to use; it’s a lot like directing<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">an actual production, but without all the actor tantrums over bottled water.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Instead of a canvas on which to paint or copy and paste images, you have a 3D space—<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">an open area in which you define your objects, set their colors and textures, and position<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">lights as if you were setting up for a real photo shoot. CG is actually remarkably analogous<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">to the art and practice of photography and filmmaking.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Photographers lay out their scene by placing the subjects to form the frame. They light<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">the area for a specific mood and account for the film stock and lens they use and for the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">colors of the scene. They choose the camera, film, and lenses according to their desired<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">result. They snap a picture, develop the negative, and print it to paper. Through this<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">process, a photo is born.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Once you build your scene in 3D using models, lights, and a camera, the computer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">renders </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">the scene, converting it to a 2D image. Through setup and rendering, CGI is born.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">And with a little luck, a CG artist is also born.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">Rendering </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">is the process of calculating lights and shadows, the placement of textures<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">and colors on models, the movement of animated objects, and so on to give you a sequence<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">of 2D pictures that effectively “shoot” your virtual scene. Instead of an envelope of 4 </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">× </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">glossy prints, you get a sequence of 2D computer images (or a movie file like a QuickTime<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">or AVI [Audio Video Interleave] file) that sit on your hard drive waiting to be seen, and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">invariably commented on by your know-it-all friends.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">And that, in a nutshell, is the CG process. It requires planning and patience, as CG follows<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">conventions that are so different than those for painting programs and image editors.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Its work flow is entirely based in building, arrangement, and relationships. But it is an easy<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">work flow to pick up and eventually master. And it can be done by anyone with the desire<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">and the patience to give it a try.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Fairly soon, you will begin to see CG as a bigger part of the everyday computing environment,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">as we are seeing with image editors and digital-video editing software now.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">The more familiar you are with it, whether with Autodesk Maya or another package, the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">greater your part in the computing future. The day will soon be on us when we can<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">custom-make our own environments for our 3D Windows desktops.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">Animation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Although Maya can be used to produce remarkably lifelike 3D still images, most Maya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">artists also work with a fourth dimension, time. That is, most Maya art is animated.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Simply put, </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">animation is change over time</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">. A solid foundation in animation involves<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">understanding the simulation of something changing over a period of time. Underlying<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">all animation, from paper flipbooks to film and on to Maya, is the following principle:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">when we see a series of rapidly changing images, we perceive the changing of the image<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">as continuous motion.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">In creating CG animation yourself, you have to create scene files with objects that<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">exhibit some sort of change, whether through movement, color shift, growth, or other<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">behavior. But just as with flipbooks and film animation, the change you are animating<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">occurs between static images, called </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">frames, </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">an analogy with film. You define the object’s<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">animation using a “timeline” measured in these single frames.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">You’ll learn more in the section “Basic Animation Concepts” later in this chapter.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">The Stages of Production<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">The CG animation industry has inherited from the film industry a work flow, or pipeline,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">a way of doing things that consists of three broad stages: preproduction, production, and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">postproduction. In film, </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">preproduction </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">is the process in which the script and storyboards<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">are written, costumes and sets are designed and built, actors are cast and rehearsed, a crew<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">is hired, and the equipment is rented and set up. In the </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">production </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">phase, scenes are taped<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">or filmed in the most efficient order. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">Postproduction </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">(simply called “post”) describes everything<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">that happens afterward: the scenes are edited into a story; a musical score, sound<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">effects, and additional dialogue are added; special visual effects may also be added. (In a<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">film that has special effects or animation, the actual CG creation is usually completed in<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">post but may have started in the preproduction phases of the film or project itself.)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Although the work performed at each stage is radically different, this is a useful framework<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">for understanding the process of creating CG as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">Preproduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Preproduction for a CG animation means gathering all reference materials, motion tests,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">layout drawings, model sketches, and such together to make the actual CG production as<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">straightforward as possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Since the CG artist must define 3D scenes in the program, it is essential to have a succinct<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">plan of attack for a well-organized production. The more time spent planning and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">organizing for CG, the better. Entering into production without a good plan of attack is<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">not only going to cause you trouble, it will stunt the growth of your project.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">In the real world, preproduction is part of every CG animation project. For the tutorial<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">projects in this book, you’ll work with sketches and other files supplied on the accompanying<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">CD as your preproduction. Even for these tutorials, however, you’re encouraged to<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">gather as much information as you can about the objects you’ll create, even more than what<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">is presented to you. As with disappointing movies with terribly flawed preproduction stages,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">a poorly thought-out CG production will invariably end in headaches and wasted time.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">The Script<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">To tell a story, CG or not, you need to put it in words. A story need not contain dialogue<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">for it to benefit from a script. Even abstract animations can benefit from a highly detailed<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">explanation of timings and colors laid out in a script. The script serves as the initial blueprint<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">for the animation, to lay forth the all-important </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">intent</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">. It is then fleshed out.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">The Storyboard<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">A storyboard is a further definition of the script. You break the script into scenes, and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">then you break those scenes into shots. You then sketch out each shot on a panel of a storyboard.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">The panels are laid out in order according to the script to give a visual and linear<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">explanation of the story. Storyboards are useful for planning camera angles (framing a<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">shot), position of characters, lighting, mood, and so on. Even rudimentary boards with<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">stick figures on notebook paper are useful to a production.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">The Conceptual Art<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">Conceptuals </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">are the design elements that are needed for the CG production. Typically, characters<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">are drawn into character sheets in three different neutral poses from the front, from<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">the side, and from an angle called a 3⁄4 view. Some are even sculpted into clay for better<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">reference. Color art can also be created of the various sets, props, and characters to better<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">visualize the colors, textures, and, later on, the lighting that will be needed. Props and sets<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">are identified from the script and boards and sketched out into model sheets. The better the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">conceptual art is visualized, the easier it will be to model, texture, and light everything in CG.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">Production<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Production begins when you start creating the models from the boards, model sheets, and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">concept art. You model the characters, the sets, and the props, and you assign textures<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">(colors, patterns). The animators take the models and animate everything according to the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">boards and script. The sequences are rendered in low quality for dailies and checked for<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">accuracy and content.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">CG production itself has an involved number of steps that are usually defined by the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">needs of the production. We’ll peer into 3D work flow in the next section, but to make a<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">long story short, 3D scenes are created, lit, and animated in the production phase. Most<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">of the CG techniques you’ll learn in this book are part of the production phase.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">Postproduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Once all the scenes have been set up with props and characters and everything is animated,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">postproduction can begin. Postproduction for a CG project is similar to postproduction<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">for a film. This is where all of a CG film’s elements are brought together and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">assembled into final form.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">Rendering<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">All CG scenes need to be rendered to their final image or movie files. Again, this is the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">process by which the computer calculates how everything in the scene should look and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">displays it. It is a process that makes great processing demands on your computer, usually<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">requiring the full attention of your PC, and it can take a good amount of time. As you’ll<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">learn throughout this book, decisions you make in creating the objects in a scene can<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">make a big difference in how the rest of the process goes.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">You can render one scene while another scene is in production, but working on a system<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">that is rendering is not advisable unless you’re using a dual-processor machine with<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">plenty of memory. When everything is rendered properly, the final images are sorted and<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">the assembly of the CG project begins. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">compositing, editing, and adding sound; you will find a multitude of books on these topics<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">available for further study.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">Compositing<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Quite often, CG is rendered in different layers and segments and needs to be put back<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">together. In a particular scene, for example, multiple characters interact. Each character<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">is rendered separately from the others and from the backgrounds. They are then all put<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">together in </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">compositing</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">, the process of bringing together scene elements that were created<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">separately, to form the final scene. Maya makes this process easier with Render Layers<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Compositing programs such as Shake and After Effects not only allow you to compose<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">CG elements together, they also give you some additional control over color, timing, and a<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">host of other additions and alterations you can make to the scene. Compositing can greatly<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">affect the look of a CG project; professionals consider it an integral part of CG creation.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">Editing<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">The rendered and composited CG footage is collected and edited together to conform<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">to the script and boards. Some scenes are cut or moved around to heighten the story.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">This process is essentially the same as in film editing, with one big difference: the amount<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">of footage.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Live-action filmmakers shoot much more footage than is needed for the film, to make<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">sure they have adequate coverage for all their scenes and to leave extra room for creativity<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">in the editing. The editor and the director sift through all the scenes and arrange them to<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">assemble the film in a way that works best with what they have shot. A typical film uses a<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">small fraction of all film or video that is shot.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Because CG creation and rendering is much more time-consuming and expensive to<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">generate than shooting most live action, scenes and shots are often tightly arranged in<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">preproduction boards so not much is wasted, if any. The entire production is edited with<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">great care beforehand, and the scenes are built and animated to match the story, almost<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">down to the frame. Consequently, the physical editing process consists mostly of assembling<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">the scenes into the sequence of the story.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;">Sound<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "MyriadMM_565_600_","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Sound design is important to CG. Viewers like to associate visuals with audio. A basic<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">soundtrack can add a significant punch to a simple animation by helping provide realism,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">mood, narrative, and so on, adding a greater impact of gestalt to the CG.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Sound effects such as footsteps are added to match the action on the screen; this type<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">of sound is also known in film as </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">foley sound</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">. Music is scored and added to match the film.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">Again, this is much the same procedure as in film, with one exception. In the event that a<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">CG project requires dialogue, the dialogue must be recorded and edited </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">before </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">CG production<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">can begin. Dialogue becomes a part of the preproduction phase as well as post.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">This is because animators need to hear the dialogue being spoken to match the lips of the<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">characters speaking, known as </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Italic","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Italic;">lip-synch</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">. Quite often, the dialogue or musical score inspires<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">a character’s actions or body language as well.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Minion-Regular","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Minion-Regular;">(article compiled from the internet.)</span></div></span>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-28337448310136845832010-09-19T09:39:00.000-07:002010-09-19T09:39:03.913-07:00LEARNING.....!<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_700_700_, sans-serif;">SUGGESTED READING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">The more you know about all the arts that inform CG, the more confident you’ll feel among your peers. To get<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">started, check out the following excellent resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_700_700_, sans-serif;">ART AND DESIGN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">These books provide valuable insights into the mechanics and art of design. The more you understand design<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">theory, the stronger your art.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Bowers, John. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">Introduction to Two-Dimensional Design: Understanding Form and Function</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">. New York: John<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Wiley & Sons, 1999.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Itten, Johannes. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">Design and Form: The Basic Course at the Bauhaus and Later</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1975.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Ocvirk, Otto G., and others. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">Art Fundamentals: Theory and Practice</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Wong, Wucius. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">Principles of Form and Design</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1993.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;">CG<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">CG has an interesting history and is evolving at breakneck speeds. Acquiring a solid knowledge of this history<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">and evolution is as important as keeping up with current trends.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Kerlow, Isaac Victor. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">The Art of 3-D: Computer Animation and Imaging. </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2000.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Kundert-Gibbs, John, Dariush Derakhshani, et al. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">Mastering Maya 7. </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">San Francisco: Sybex, 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Kuperberg, Marcia. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">Guide to Computer Animation. </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Burlington: Focal Press, 2002.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Masson, Terrence. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">CG 101: A Computer Graphics Industry Reference. </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Indianapolis: New Riders Publishing, 1999.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;">Periodicals<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">Computer Graphics World </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">(free subscription for those who qualify) </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Mono3Quark-Regular;">cgw.pennnet.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">cinefex </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Mono3Quark-Regular;">www.cinefex.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">HDRI3D </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Mono3Quark-Regular;">www.hdri3d.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">3D World </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Mono3Quark-Regular;">www.3dworldmag.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;">Websites<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Mono3Quark-Regular;">www.animationartist.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Mono3Quark-Regular;">www.awn.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Mono3Quark-Regular;">www.highend3d.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Mono3Quark-Regular;">www.3dcafe.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Mono3Quark-Regular;">www.learning-maya.com<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;">Film<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">Block, Bruce. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif;">The Visual Story: Seeing the Structure of Film, TV, and New Media</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif;">. Burlington: Focal Press, 2001.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;">Must Read<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_565_600_, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Myers, Dale K. </span><i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM-It_400_700_, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">Computer Animation: Expert Advice on Breaking into the Business</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: MyriadMM_400_700_, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">. Milford: Oak Cliff Press, 1999</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-73599056146515834752010-09-19T09:32:00.000-07:002010-09-19T09:32:32.172-07:00Some important Questions From Photoshop.... Find Out there Answers1.)what is the full form of R.G.B?<br />
2.)define the difference between RGB and GRAYSCALE?<br />
3.)define the difference between OPEn and OPEN AS?<br />
4.)what is the full form of C.M.Y.K?<br />
5.)how many types of BITS does PHOTOSHOP SUPPORT?<br />
6.)after creating a photoshop file,now through which option we can check the photoshop file settings?<br />
7.)how many frames are there in NTSc format and PAL format?<br />
8.)what is 90degree C.W and 90 degree C.C.W?<br />
9.)how may types of default channels are there in photoshop?<br />
10.)what is desaturation?<br />
11.)what is the work of adjustment layer?<br />
12.)what is the use of link layers?<br />
13.)what is the use of folder?<br />
14.)what is the use of delete tool in photoshop?<br />
15.)how can we create a new brush and new pattern?<br />
16.)name any 4 formats which can be open in photoshop?<br />
17.)how many option does transform have?<br />
18.)shortcuts........<br />
<br />
new file<br />
open file<br />
levels<br />
save as<br />
fill<br />
free transform<br />
curves<br />
color balance<br />
hue saturation<br />
invert<br />
re do<br />
image size<br />
canvas size<br />
<br />
19.) what is the use of canvas size?<br />
20.) what is the default aspect ratio of photoshop?<br />
21.) what is the default resoulution of photoshop file?<br />
22.) what is the default resolution of photo,U.S paper,international paper,web, mobile and device, film video presets?RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-86129878910506628012010-03-18T11:07:00.001-07:002010-09-19T08:03:53.257-07:00WELCOME TO MY BLOGhello... pals!<br />
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welcome to my bog....<br />
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here u will find some of my work ....<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAhHtWFJ5tQym_QKgqKVFsWflP9vg5T5qZDPymhsbIJEJk2m0VzA5B4jBnAhjXNLf8e-aBqm1vB3NiGs2q0aM8i62GvPLZJpajm7jVafCZ6ULhWhoJQcip4MpOuVzQ8TqtzOzhH4MrIiOy/s1600/SPM_A1113.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAhHtWFJ5tQym_QKgqKVFsWflP9vg5T5qZDPymhsbIJEJk2m0VzA5B4jBnAhjXNLf8e-aBqm1vB3NiGs2q0aM8i62GvPLZJpajm7jVafCZ6ULhWhoJQcip4MpOuVzQ8TqtzOzhH4MrIiOy/s320/SPM_A1113.jpg" /></a></div>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-216771508300149760.post-40945540861761503552010-03-18T11:02:00.001-07:002010-09-19T08:10:33.066-07:00links to my pages.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdw4tbGB3NiZiaWGY1MLTvH1oLcgarIfrRr_rPqxWJsQZJ5ptY4r-MmB2pCDcQdnPuWq3l503tKR2slPL_bVRgYnTT1USMBkWMLEKSEBBUJVOd_jWD2QL18ExJw8jE4skNsLvTAiUhkZEb/s1600/facebook_logo-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdw4tbGB3NiZiaWGY1MLTvH1oLcgarIfrRr_rPqxWJsQZJ5ptY4r-MmB2pCDcQdnPuWq3l503tKR2slPL_bVRgYnTT1USMBkWMLEKSEBBUJVOd_jWD2QL18ExJw8jE4skNsLvTAiUhkZEb/s200/facebook_logo-2.png" width="200" /></a></div>my facebook profile <br />
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<a href="http://www.orkut.co.in/Main#Profile?rl=ls&uid=14802492057990121520">http://www.orkut.co.in/Main#Profile?rl=ls&uid=14802492057990121520</a>RAHUL SINGHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11336494139638327460noreply@blogger.com0